Disparities in Cervical Cancer Among LHS+ Women: A Primer for Medical Students

Abstract

Introduction: Latina, Latino, Latinx, Latine, Hispanic, or of Spanish origin+ (LHS+) women face higher cervical cancer risks, incidence, and mortality compared to non-Hispanic White women. These disparities are attributable to socioeconomic factors, limited access to health care, language and cultural barriers, and negative health care experiences.

Methods: We used the Kern model to design, implement, and evaluate a workshop to educate medical students and health care professionals on cervical cancer disparities among LHS+ women and culturally competent communication skills. The workshop included a 60-minute session featuring a PowerPoint presentation, video, and case discussions.

Results: We conducted the workshop four times, both in person and virtually. We administered pre- and posttests to 46 participants, including medical students and health care professionals. Only 39 participants completed both forms, yielding an 85% response rate. Analysis using the related-samples Wilcoxon signed rank test on responses revealed a significant increase in confidence for each learning objective (p < .01). Participants rated the workshop as very good or excellent, and their feedback highlighted the value of interactive activities like the video and case discussions.

Discussion: Increasing health care providers' awareness of and knowledge about cervical cancer disparities in LHS+ women is essential to improve health care experiences and outcomes. Future workshops should incorporate culturally specific materials for different Spanish-speaking nationalities (e.g., Dominican, Mexican, etc.), medical Spanish training, and cervical cancer education for LGBTQ+ LHS+ women.

Keywords: Cervical Cancer; Cultural Competence; Diversity; Equity; Health Disparities; Health Equity; Hispanic; Inclusion; Language-Appropriate Health Care; Latina; OB/GYN; Spanish; Women's Health.