Venom-spit ophthalmia: A novel envenomation of Monocled Cobra (Naja kaouthia)

Abstract

Handling venomous snakes poses a significant risk of envenomation. In the case of spitting cobras, additional precautions, like wearing face shields, are necessary to prevent ophthalmic envenomation. Although, the Monocled Cobra (Naja kaouthia) is not a true spitting cobra, however some spitting events has been reported from Northeastern India and Nepal but ocular envenomation is scarce. In this report, a snake researcher experienced eye exposure to spitted venom while measuring a N. kaouthia. The researcher promptly irrigated his eyes and received medical treatment. He experienced intense pain, burning sensations, redness, vision problems, corneal edema, scleral hemorrhage and treated with Paracetamol and Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride. This report underscores the potential risk of ocular injury from Monocled Cobras and emphasizes the importance of using appropriate safety equipment, such as face shields, to minimize the danger of ophthalmic envenomation when working with these snakes.

Keywords: Bangladesh; Monocled cobra; Naja kaouthia; Ocular envenomation; Safety precautions; Spitting behavior; Venom.