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Review
. 2025 Feb;48(2):132-149.
doi: 10.1007/s12272-024-01529-7. Epub 2024 Dec 26.

Immunosenescence and age-related immune cells: causes of age-related diseases

Nam-Hee Kim #  1 , So-Jin Sim #  1 , Hong-Gyu Han #  1 , Jeong-Hyuk Yoon #  1 , Yong-Hyun Han  2   3
Affiliations
Review

Immunosenescence and age-related immune cells: causes of age-related diseases

Nam-Hee Kim et al. Arch Pharm Res. 2025 Feb.

Abstract

Immunosenescence is a weakening of the immune system due to aging, characterized by changes in immune cells and dysregulated immune function. Age-related immune cells are increasing with aging. They are associated with chronic prolonged inflammation, causing tissue dysfunction and age-related diseases. Here, we discuss increased pro-inflammatory activity of aged macrophages, accumulation of lymphocytes with an age-associated phenotype, and specific alterations in both functions and characteristics of these immune cells. These cellular changes are associated with development of age-related diseases. Additionally, we reviewed various therapeutic strategies targeting age-related immunosenescence, providing pathways to mitigate effects of age-related diseases.

Keywords: Age-related diseases; Aging; Immune cell; Immunosenescence.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors declare that there are no conflict of interests.

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