Nitrogen Deposition Weakens Soil Carbon Control of Nitrogen Dynamics Across the Contiguous United States

Matthew A Nieland¹, Piper Lacy¹, Steven D Allison^{2

3}, Jennifer M Bhatnagar⁴, Danica A Doroski⁵, Serita D Frey⁶, Kristen Greaney⁷, Sarah E Hobbie⁸, Sara E Kuebbing^{9

10}, David B Lewis¹¹, Marshall D McDaniel¹², Steven S Perakis¹³, Steve M Raciti⁷, Alanna N Shaw¹⁴, Christine D Sprunger^{15

16

17}, Michael S Strickland^{18

19}, Pamela H Templer⁴, Corinne Vietorisz⁴, Elisabeth B Ward²⁰, Ashley D Keiser¹

Affiliations

¹ Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA.
² Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
³ Department of Earth System Science, University of California. Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
⁴ Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
⁵ Connnecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, Hartford, Connecticut, USA.
⁶ Center for Soil Biogeochemistry and Microbial Ecology, Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA.
⁷ Department of Biology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York, USA.
⁸ Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
⁹ Botany Department, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
¹⁰ The Forest School at the Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
¹¹ Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.
¹² Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA.
¹³ U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.
¹⁴ Montana Department of Environmental Quality, Helena, Montana, USA.
¹⁵ W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
¹⁶ Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
¹⁷ Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
¹⁸ Department of Soil and Water Systems, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA.
¹⁹ Deep Soil Ecotron, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA.
²⁰ Department of Environmental Science and Forestry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.

PMID: 39726151
DOI: 10.1111/gcb.70016

Free article

Nitrogen Deposition Weakens Soil Carbon Control of Nitrogen Dynamics Across the Contiguous United States

Matthew A Nieland et al. Glob Chang Biol. 2024 Dec.

Free article

. 2024 Dec;30(12):e70016.

doi: 10.1111/gcb.70016.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA.
² Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
³ Department of Earth System Science, University of California. Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
⁴ Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
⁵ Connnecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, Hartford, Connecticut, USA.
⁶ Center for Soil Biogeochemistry and Microbial Ecology, Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA.
⁷ Department of Biology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York, USA.
⁸ Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
⁹ Botany Department, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
¹⁰ The Forest School at the Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
¹¹ Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.
¹² Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA.
¹³ U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.
¹⁴ Montana Department of Environmental Quality, Helena, Montana, USA.
¹⁵ W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
¹⁶ Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
¹⁷ Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
¹⁸ Department of Soil and Water Systems, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA.
¹⁹ Deep Soil Ecotron, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA.
²⁰ Department of Environmental Science and Forestry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.

PMID: 39726151
DOI: 10.1111/gcb.70016

Abstract

Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition is unequally distributed across space and time, with inputs to terrestrial ecosystems impacted by industry regulations and variations in human activity. Soil carbon (C) content normally controls the fraction of mineralized N that is nitrified (ƒ_nitrified), affecting N bioavailability for plants and microbes. However, it is unknown whether N deposition has modified the relationships among soil C, net N mineralization, and net nitrification. To test whether N deposition alters the relationship between soil C and net N transformations, we collected soils from coniferous and deciduous forests, grasslands, and residential yards in 14 regions across the contiguous United States that vary in N deposition rates. We quantified rates of net nitrification and N mineralization, soil chemistry (soil C, N, and pH), and microbial biomass and function (as beta-glucosidase (BG) and N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) activity) across these regions. Following expectations, soil C was a driver of ƒ_nitrified across regions, whereby increasing soil C resulted in a decline in net nitrification and ƒ_nitrified. The ƒ_nitrified value increased with lower microbial enzymatic investment in N acquisition (increasing BG:NAG ratio) and lower active microbial biomass, providing some evidence that heterotrophic microbial N demand controls the ammonium pool for nitrifiers. However, higher total N deposition increased ƒ_nitrified, including for high soil C sites predicted to have low ƒ_nitrified, which decreased the role of soil C as a predictor of ƒ_nitrified. Notably, the drop in contemporary atmospheric N deposition rates during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic did not weaken the effect of N deposition on relationships between soil C and ƒ_nitrified. Our results suggest that N deposition can disrupt the relationship between soil C and net N transformations, with this change potentially explained by weaker microbial competition for N. Therefore, past N inputs and soil C should be used together to predict N dynamics across terrestrial ecosystems.

Keywords: COVID‐19; air quality; coupled carbon–nitrogen; extracellular enzyme activity; net nitrification; net nitrogen mineralization.

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References

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Nitrogen Deposition Weakens Soil Carbon Control of Nitrogen Dynamics Across the Contiguous United States

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Nitrogen Deposition Weakens Soil Carbon Control of Nitrogen Dynamics Across the Contiguous United States

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