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. 2024 Dec 12:11:1426953.
doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1426953. eCollection 2024.

The relationship between the age of onset of hypertension and chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study of the American population

Lanlan Qiu #  1 , Bo Wu #  2
Affiliations

The relationship between the age of onset of hypertension and chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study of the American population

Lanlan Qiu et al. Front Cardiovasc Med. .

Abstract

Background: Hypertension can damage multiple target organs. The younger the age of onset of hypertension is, the greater the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cardiovascular death. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a complication of hypertension, but few studies have investigated the relationship between the age of onset of hypertension and CKD.

Objective: We investigated the relationship between the age of onset of hypertension and CKD.

Method: We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2018. A total of 30,613 participants were assigned to one of four groups. Group 1, no hypertension (n = 19,516); Group 2, age of onset <35 years (n = 2,180); Group 3, 35≤ age of onset <45 years (n = 2,128); and Group 4, age of onset ≥45 years (n = 6,789). Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between the age of onset of hypertension and CKD.

Results: After adjusting for potential confounders, a younger age at onset of hypertension was associated with a greater risk of developing CKD compared with the absence of hypertension (Group 2 OR: 2.52, 95% CI: 1.53-4.14, P < 0.001; Group 3 OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.01-2.51, P = 0.048; Group 4 OR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.00-2.38, P = 0.050).

Conclusions: There was a strong association between the age of onset of hypertension and CKD. The younger the age of onset of hypertension is, the greater the risk of CKD.

Keywords: CKD; NHANES; early-onset hypertension; hypertension; onset age.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flowchart of the study design.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The associations between the age of onset of hypertension and the incidence of CKD in different subgroups (weighted). Adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, PIR, smoking, alcohol use, BMI, TG, TC, LDL-C, DM, CVD, duration of exposure to hypertension.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Potential nonlinear relationship between age at onset of hypertension and CKD (weighted). Adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, PIR, smoking, alcohol use, BMI, TG, TC, LDL-C, DM, CVD, duration of exposure to hypertension. (A) Relationship between age of onset of hypertension and CKD in all hypertensive patients. (B) Relationship between age of onset of hypertension and CKD in hypertensive patients with current age <55. (C) Relationship between age of onset of hypertension and CKD in hypertensive patients with current age ≥55 and <65. (D) Relationship between age of onset of hypertension and CKD in hypertensive patients with current age ≥55.
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