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Review
. 2024 Dec 18;9(12):770.
doi: 10.3390/biomimetics9120770.

A Comprehensive Review of Treatment Plans for Marginal Enamel Fractures in Anterior Teeth

Riccardo Favero  1 , Alessandro Scattolin  1 , Martina Barone  1 , Giampaolo Drago  1 , Rim Bourgi  2 , Vincenzo Tosco  3 , Riccardo Monterubbianesi  3 , Angelo Putignano  3   4
Affiliations
Review

A Comprehensive Review of Treatment Plans for Marginal Enamel Fractures in Anterior Teeth

Riccardo Favero et al. Biomimetics (Basel). .

Abstract

Marginal enamel fractures (MEF) are a common clinical concern in dentistry, particularly in anterior teeth. These fractures occur at the enamel margins and their etiopathogenesis involves a complex interplay of mechanical, chemical, and biological factors. The ongoing research focuses on an overview of MEF to improve the knowledge about this condition. Understanding the multifaceted nature of MEF is crucial for devising effective preventive and therapeutic strategies in contemporary restorative dentistry. Indeed, mechanical stresses, such as occlusal forces and parafunctional habits are primary contributors for MEF. Additionally, it can happen at the enamel-restoration interface due to expansion and contraction of restorative materials. Chemical degradation, including acid erosion and the breakdown of adhesive bonds, further exacerbates the vulnerability of enamel. Biological factors, such as enamel composition and the presence of micro-cracks also play a role in the development of MEF. Clinical management of MEF involves subtractive or additive techniques, repairing or replacing the compromised tooth structure using techniques to ensure the integration with the natural enamel.

Keywords: anterior marginal enamel fractures; fractures; operative dentistry; restorative dentistry.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Etiology of MEFs.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Examples of marginal enamel fractures. Images were modified in color, value and contrast to highlight the fractures.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Pictures illustrate the pre- and post-treatment situation of MEF for a mimetic restoration: (a,b) show the condition before and after direct restoration on 1.1; (c,d) illustrate the pre- and post-treatment phases of a large enamel fracture involving 1.1 and 2.1; (e–g) represent an extreme case of enamel fracture with detachment of the buccal layer. The fragment was bonded to the remaining dental tissue.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Description of the main steps of direct composite restoration.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Indirect restoration with ceramic veneer phases.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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