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. 2024 Dec 12;14(24):1992.
doi: 10.3390/nano14241992.

Carbonized Plant Powder Gel for Rapid Hemostasis and Sterilization in Regard to Irregular Wounds

Zhong Liu  1 , Shaolei Ding  1 , Guodong Zhang  1 , Bingyu Yan  1 , Chao Zhang  1 , Pihang Yu  1 , Yunze Long  1 , Jun Zhang  1
Affiliations

Carbonized Plant Powder Gel for Rapid Hemostasis and Sterilization in Regard to Irregular Wounds

Zhong Liu et al. Nanomaterials (Basel). .

Abstract

Irregularly shaped wounds cause severe chronic infections, which have attracted worldwide attention due to their high prevalence and poor treatment outcomes. In this study, we designed a new composite functional dressing consisting of traditional Chinese herb carbonized plant powder (CPP) and a polyacrylic acid (PAA)/polyethylenimine (PEI) gel. The rapid gelation of the dressing within 6-8 s allowed the gel to be firmly attached to an irregularly shaped wound surface and avoided powder detachment. In addition, through an infrared thermography analysis, a coagulation assay, and a morphological examination of regenerative tissue in animal wound models, it was found that the dressing substrates had synergistic effects on photothermal sterilization, rapid hemostasis, and anti-inflammatory activity, thereby achieving an 88% wound closure rate on the 9th day after the formation of the wound. This multifunctional hemostatic material is expected to be adaptable to irregular wounds and promote rapid wound healing.

Keywords: carbonized plant powder; gel; irregular wounds; photothermal stabilization; rapid hemostasis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a) Schematic diagram of the preparation process of PAA/PEI/CPP powder. (b) SEM image of the powder and analysis image of Al, O, K, S, and C elements. (c) FTIR spectra of CPP, PAA/PEI powder, and PAA/PEI/CPP powder. (d) SEM image of the gel powder and local enlargement. (e) Adhesion test of PAA/PEI/CPP powder on pig skin and between different materials. (f) CPP particles before being ground. (g) Freeze-dried PAA/PEI hydrogel powder before being ground. (h) Freeze-dried PAA/PEI/CPP gel powder before being ground.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) The white PAA/PEI powder and black PAA/PEI/CPP powder after adding deionized water. (b) Water absorption rate (*** p < 0.001). (c) Mechanical performance. (d) Storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) of PAA/PEI hydrogel and PAA/PEI/CPP gel (*** p < 0.001). (e) Storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) as a function of frequency in PAA/PEI hydrogel and PAA/PEI/CPP gel. (f) PAA/PEI/CPP powder gelling time after water absorption (time-dependent curves of storage modulus G′ and loss modulus G″ measured using a rheometer at 37 °C).
Figure 3
Figure 3
(a) Temperature variations in different groups after laser irradiation for 3 min. (b) Images of bacteriostatic effects against E. coli and S. aureus in different groups. (c) Live cell staining of mouse embryonic fibroblasts after 24 h culture in different groups. (d) Bacterial growth in different periods. (e) Colony forming unit in different periods.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(a) Coagulation effect of various materials on a 96-well plate. (b) Image of blood clot formation in an in vitro coagulation experiment.
Figure 5
Figure 5
(a) Wound recovery status in various periods. (b) Wound area percentage in various periods (** p < 0.01). (c) H&E and Masson staining of each group in different periods (the blue arrow indicates inflammatory cells, the green arrow indicates hair follicles, the red arrow indicates blood vessels, and the yellow arrow indicates collagen fibers).
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