Chinese guidelines for ultrasound-guided thermal ablation of thyroid nodules (2024 edition)

Zhi-Yu Han¹, Jian-Ping Dou¹, Lin Zheng¹, Min Xu², Jie Ren³, Hui Wang⁴, Shu-Rong Wang⁵, Wei-Wei Zhan⁶, Jian-Qiao Zhou⁷, Shu-Hang Xu⁸, Wen Cheng⁹, Man Lu¹⁰, Dong Xu¹¹, Jie Yu¹, Fei Jing¹², Ming-An Yu¹³, Song-Yuan Yu¹⁴, Zhi-Gang Cheng¹, Cheng-Zhong Peng¹⁵, Ying Che¹⁶, Wei-de Dai¹⁷, Zu-Bang Zhou¹⁸, Hong Yang¹⁹, Xiao-Ping Leng²⁰, Li-Ping Sun²¹, Guang-Bin He²², Guang-Zhi He²³, Zhi-Bin Cong²⁴, Qin-Ying Li²⁵, Qi-Yu Zhao²⁶, Bai Nan²⁷, Cun Liu²⁸, Jia Guo²⁹, Qian Li³⁰, Qiang Wei³¹, Gang Wang³², Ying Huang³³, De-Sheng Sun³⁴, Tian-An Jiang², Ping Liang¹; Ultrasound Committee of Chinese Medical Association, The Oncological Intervention Committee of Chinese Research Hospital Association, The Ultrasonic Intervention Committee of Chinese Colleges of Interventionalists

Affiliations

¹ Department of Ultrasound Medicine, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
² Department of Ultrasound Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
³ Department of Medical Ultrasound, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
⁴ Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
⁵ Department of Medical Ultrasound, Yantai Hospital of Shandong Wendeng Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Yantai, China.
⁶ Department of Ultrasound, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
⁷ Department of Ultrasound, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
⁸ Endocrine and Diabetes Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
⁹ Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.
¹⁰ Ultrasonography Department, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
¹¹ Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound Imaging & Interventional Therapy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
¹² Department of Endocrinology, Standong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong, China.
¹³ Department of Interventional Ultrasound Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
¹⁴ Department of Ultrasound, the Tenth people, s Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China.
¹⁵ Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital (Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
¹⁶ Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
¹⁷ Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China.
¹⁸ Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China.
¹⁹ Department of Medical Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China.
²⁰ Department of Ultrasound, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
²¹ Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
²² Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
²³ Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Shenzhen Guangming District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
²⁴ Department of Electrodiagnosis, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
²⁵ Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Puyang traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Puyang City, Henan Province, China.
²⁶ Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
²⁷ Department of Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China.
²⁸ Department of Ultrasound, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
²⁹ Department of Ultrasound, Shuguang Hospital affiliated Shanghai University of Transitional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
³⁰ Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
³¹ Department of Ultrasound, the Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
³² Department of Ultrasound, Shandong First Medical University affiliated Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University Affiliated Provincial Hospital.
³³ Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
³⁴ Department of Ultrasonic, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.

PMID: 39728668
DOI: 10.1097/JS9.0000000000002209

Practice Guideline

Chinese guidelines for ultrasound-guided thermal ablation of thyroid nodules (2024 edition)

Zhi-Yu Han et al. Int J Surg. 2025.

. 2025 Feb 1;111(2):1699-1710.

doi: 10.1097/JS9.0000000000002209.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Ultrasound Medicine, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
² Department of Ultrasound Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
³ Department of Medical Ultrasound, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
⁴ Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
⁵ Department of Medical Ultrasound, Yantai Hospital of Shandong Wendeng Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Yantai, China.
⁶ Department of Ultrasound, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
⁷ Department of Ultrasound, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
⁸ Endocrine and Diabetes Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
⁹ Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.
¹⁰ Ultrasonography Department, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
¹¹ Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound Imaging & Interventional Therapy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
¹² Department of Endocrinology, Standong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong, China.
¹³ Department of Interventional Ultrasound Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
¹⁴ Department of Ultrasound, the Tenth people, s Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China.
¹⁵ Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital (Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
¹⁶ Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
¹⁷ Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China.
¹⁸ Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China.
¹⁹ Department of Medical Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China.
²⁰ Department of Ultrasound, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
²¹ Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
²² Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
²³ Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Shenzhen Guangming District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
²⁴ Department of Electrodiagnosis, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
²⁵ Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Puyang traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Puyang City, Henan Province, China.
²⁶ Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
²⁷ Department of Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China.
²⁸ Department of Ultrasound, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
²⁹ Department of Ultrasound, Shuguang Hospital affiliated Shanghai University of Transitional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
³⁰ Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
³¹ Department of Ultrasound, the Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
³² Department of Ultrasound, Shandong First Medical University affiliated Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University Affiliated Provincial Hospital.
³³ Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
³⁴ Department of Ultrasonic, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.

PMID: 39728668
DOI: 10.1097/JS9.0000000000002209

Abstract

The Chinese guidelines for ultrasound-guided thermal ablation of thyroid nodules (2024 edition) were jointly initiated by the Ultrasound Committee of Chinese Medical Association, the Interventional Ultrasound Committee of Chinese Association of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, the Ultrasonic Intervention Committee of Chinese Colleges of Interventionalists, and the Oncological Intervention Committee of Chinese Research Hospital Association; 37 multidisciplinary experts in interventional ultrasound, ultrasound medicine, endocrinology, and thyroid surgery participated in the compilation of this guide, which expanded the depth and breadth of the perspective and enhanced the authority of the guide. Based on the systematic review of literature related to ultrasound-guided thermal ablation of thyroid nodules and the professional opinions of experts, the guidelines define the indications and contraindications of thermal ablation, including pre-ablation evaluation and preparation, thermal ablation techniques and operational procedures, post-ablation follow-up, therapeutic effect evaluation, complication prevention and treatment, and the writing of medical documents for ablation. According to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE), a total of 17 objective and comprehensive recommendations were given. The publication and promotion of this guideline will play a positive role in promoting the standardization of ultrasound-guided thermal ablation of thyroid nodules.

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References

1. Li YZ, Teng D, Ba JM, et al. Efficacy and safety of long-term universal salt iodization on thyroid disorders: epidemiological evidence from 31 provinces of Mainland China. Thyroid 2020;30:568–79.
1. Endocrinology CSo, Surgery TaMSGotCSo, China Anti-Cancer Association CAoHaNO Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer (Second edition). Chin J Endocrinol Metab 2023;39.
1. Tan GH, Gharib H. Thyroid incidentalomas: management approaches to nonpalpable nodules discovered incidentally on thyroid imaging. Ann Intern Med 1997;126:226–31.
1. Guth S, Theune U, Aberle J, Galach A, Bamberger CM. Very high prevalence of thyroid nodules detected by high frequency (13 MHz) ultrasound examination. Eur J Clin Invest 2009;39:699–706.
1. Jae Hoon M, Min Kyung H, Ja Youn L, et al. Prevalence of thyroid nodules and their associated clinical parameters: a large-scale, multicenter-based health checkup study. Korean J Intern Med 2017;33:753.

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Chinese guidelines for ultrasound-guided thermal ablation of thyroid nodules (2024 edition)

Affiliations

Chinese guidelines for ultrasound-guided thermal ablation of thyroid nodules (2024 edition)

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

References

Publication types

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources