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. 2025 Jun;28(2):359-368.
doi: 10.1007/s40477-024-00980-y. Epub 2024 Dec 27.

The impact of uterine cavity structural features on reproductive outcomes in T-shaped uterine malformation

Karine Tokhunts  1 , Luis Alonso Pacheco  2 , Armine Chopikyan  3 , Anna Khudaverdyan  4 , Nelly Abgaryan  4 , Knarik Aleksandryan  5 , Adrine Grigoryan  6 , Marianna Adamyan  7
Affiliations

The impact of uterine cavity structural features on reproductive outcomes in T-shaped uterine malformation

Karine Tokhunts et al. J Ultrasound. 2025 Jun.

Abstract

Objectives: Despite advancements in modern medicine, the effectiveness of in vitro fertilization (IVF) remains low. This study aimed to assess the impact of specific features of T-shaped uterine cavity malformation and its intermediate forms on reproductive function and the effectiveness of assisted reproductive technology (ART), particularly on IVF results and pregnancy outcomes.

Methods: A prospective cohort study included 388 somatically healthy patients undergoing 3D ultrasound (US) examination of the uterine cavity before embryonic transfer for IVF treatment. Patients were evaluated for morphometric parameters using standardized US protocols. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS statistics.

Results: The study revealed that patients with T-shaped uterus and intermediate forms had higher rates of miscarriages, and unfavorable pregnancy outcomes compared to those with normal uterine cavities. The frequency of pregnancy occurrence in T-shaped and Intermediate groups was statistically similar with the "Normal uterus" group. Morphometric parameters such as T-angle, lateral angle, and myometrial thickness significantly influenced IVF outcomes.

Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of morphometric parameters in predicting IVF success and pregnancy outcomes in patients with T-shaped uterine cavity malformation. These parameters can guide clinical decision-making and may serve as predictors for reproductive outcomes in ART procedures. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and explore additional ultrasound markers for better prediction of reproductive outcomes in patients with uterine cavity malformations.

Keywords: CUME criteria; IVF; Infertility; T-shaped uterus; Three-dimensional ultrasound.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest. Ethical approval: Study was approved by the Ethics Committee and complied with Declaration of Helsinki principles.

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