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Meta-Analysis
. 2024 Dec 27;19(12):e0312569.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0312569. eCollection 2024.

Modern contraceptive utilization and associated factors among street working reproductive age women in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Bekalu Getnet Kassa  1   2 , Basazinew Chekol Demilew  3 , Fentahun Yenealem Beyene  4 , Habtamu Gebrehana Belay  1
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Modern contraceptive utilization and associated factors among street working reproductive age women in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Bekalu Getnet Kassa et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Background: Street women are women, who make their living on the streets by begging, sleeping in the streets, or on the sides of roads. They are the most marginalized and neglected segment of society, with little access to health care, including modern contraception, and a lack of knowledge about health services, particularly in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to examine modern contraceptive utilization and associated factors among street women.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted on observational community-based studies published from January 2010 up to February 1, 2023. PubMed, Google Scholar, HINAR, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and grey literature were used to search primary studies. We used Microsoft Excel for data entry and extracting data. STATA-17 statistical software was used to analyze the data as well and I2 tests evaluated study heterogeneity. The pooled utilization of the modern contraceptive method was predicted using a random-effect model.

Results: A total of eight studies were included. The pooled prevalence of modern contraceptive utilization was 51.89% (95% CI: 40.89-62.9). Being married (OR = 4.22, 95%CI, 2.75-6.49); facing a history of sexual assault/rape at a street life (OR = 3.59, 95%CI, 2.46-5.23); age between 25-35 years (OR = 3.27, 95%CI, 1.73-6.18), getting advise from the health professionals (OR = 6.23, 95%CI, 1.44-27.07), having a history of pregnancy in street life (OR = 1.90, 95%CI, 1.28-2.81) and no more children wanted (OR = 2.47, 95%CI, 1.52-5.00) were significantly associated with modern contraceptive utilization.

Conclusions: The pooled modern contraceptive utilization was suboptimal. Every concerned body or stakeholder should give more consideration to their lifestyles and living conditions by raising awareness and providing access to contraception.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. PRISMA flowchart diagram of the study selection for systematic review and meta-analysis on modern contraceptive utilization among street women in Ethiopia.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Forest plot of the pooled modern contraceptive utilization in Ethiopia, 2023.
Fig 3
Fig 3
(A) Funnel plot to test publication bias of eight studies. (B) Result of trim and fill analysis for adjusting publication bias of the nine studies.
Fig 4
Fig 4. Sensitivity analysis of pooled modern contraceptive utilization in Ethiopia, 2023.
Fig 5
Fig 5. Sub-group analysis of modern contraceptive utilization in Ethiopia by sample size, 2023.
Fig 6
Fig 6. Sub-group analysis of modern contraceptive utilization in Ethiopia by region, 2023.
Fig 7
Fig 7. Factors associated with modern contraceptive utilization in Ethiopia, 2023.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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    1. Institute EPH, ICF. Ethiopia mini demographic and health survey 2019: key indicators. Rockville, Maryland, USA. 2019.
    1. Guta A, Amsalu B, Weldamanuel T, Sema A, Abera L, Demissie BS, et al.. Utilization of modern contraceptives and associated factors among street women in Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia: a mixed study. Reproductive Health. 2021;18(1):1–12. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Foley CL. Pregnancy in the Margins: A Review of the Literature and Introduction of An Attachment-Based Ecotherapy Intervention for Marginalized Expecting Couples. 2023.

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