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Review
. 2025 May;28(2):485-501.
doi: 10.1016/j.cvex.2024.11.012. Epub 2024 Dec 26.

Treatment of Gastrointestinal Infectious Diseases in Exotic Animals

Julianne E McCready  1
Affiliations
Review

Treatment of Gastrointestinal Infectious Diseases in Exotic Animals

Julianne E McCready. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract. 2025 May.

Abstract

Antimicrobials should be used judiciously when managing gastrointestinal disorders in exotic animals. Oral administration of antibiotics targeting gram-positive flora must be avoided in hindgut fermenters. Immunosuppressives may be indicated for certain infectious diseases, such as chronic enteric coronavirus in ferrets and avian ganglioneuritis in parrots.

Keywords: Antimicrobials; Birds; Gastroenterology; Infectious diseases; Rabbits; Reptiles; Rodents.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure The authors declare that they have no known competing financial or commercial interests that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this study. No funding was provided for this study.

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