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Review
. 2025 Jan;32(2):514-532.
doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-35659-8. Epub 2024 Dec 27.

Wastewater treatment using Moringa oleifera (Lam.) and Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) as neutral-carbon options within the framework of COP 27 recommendations

Hanan F AbdEl-Halim  1 , Manal S Afifi  2
Affiliations
Review

Wastewater treatment using Moringa oleifera (Lam.) and Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) as neutral-carbon options within the framework of COP 27 recommendations

Hanan F AbdEl-Halim et al. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2025 Jan.

Abstract

Contamination of water by heavy toxic metal ions such as (e.g., Cr6+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, As3+ Pb2+, Cd2+, and Ag+) can lead to serious environmental and human health problems because of their acute and chronic toxicity to the biological system. In recent decades, research has been directed to alternative production of cheaper sustainable ecofriendly adsorbents with low carbon footprints. Moringa oleifera as an example for terrestrial plant and Eichhornia crassipes commonly known as water hyacinth (WH) as an aquatic plant, are simple effective natural and powerful adsorbents for heavy metals removal. Both plants have invasive growth tendency. They can be easily utilized in developed communities and in rural areas to produce clean water. This review is a comprehensive summary of M. oleifera (MO) and E. crassipes (WH) uses in impure water treatments with a particular attention to their role in reducing carbon footprint. PubMed, Science Direct and Springer were the search data engines that the article referred to from the years 2009-2023.

Keywords: Moringa oleifera; Environmental impact; Heavy metal; Wastewater treatment; Water hyacinth.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethical Approval: This review article has not been published previously and is also not under consideration for publication elsewhere and not submitted to a preprint server prior to submission on ESPR. Consent to participate: I declare that the review article has been approved by me and co-author. Consent for publication: I declare that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, without the written consent of the Publisher. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

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