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Review
. 2025 Mar;46(1):38-52.
doi: 10.1057/s41271-024-00544-8. Epub 2024 Dec 28.

From evidence to advice in France, Germany, and the UK: transparency, accountability, and participation in pandemic science advice

Holly Jarman  1 , Michelle Falkenbach  1   2 , Sarah Rozenblum  3 , Olivia Rockwell  1 , Scott L Greer  4   5
Affiliations
Review

From evidence to advice in France, Germany, and the UK: transparency, accountability, and participation in pandemic science advice

Holly Jarman et al. J Public Health Policy. 2025 Mar.

Abstract

Politicians often claim to be "following science" but their claims are, reasonably, disputed. To claim to be following the science can mean that scientific evidence affects or legitimates decisions. The evidence that politicians are following science often comes from formal systems of advice that translate science into advice. We study the systems that informed policy in France, Germany, and the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that while in all three countries politicians had incentive to prefer private advice tailored to their needs, more transparent and independent advice appeared to contribute more to good policymaking and implementation, including by enhancing government's current and future accountability for their decisions.

Keywords: COVID-19; France; Germany; Scientific advice; United Kingdom.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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