Effect of Age, Hot Beverages and Tobacco Related Products on Buccal Epithelial Cells of Cigarette Smokers and non-Smokers in Ajman, UAE

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to find out the effect of age, hot beverages and tobacco related products on buccal mucosa cells between cigarette smokers and non-smokers in Ajman, UAE.

Methods: A total of 122 samples were collected, with demographic data including age, hot beverage consumption, cigarette smoking and other tobacco practice using pre-designed questionnaires. Buccal cells were collected, stained, and screened for micronuclei (MN) under a microscope and two evaluators independently assessed all the slides.

Results: Among the 122 participants, 61.5% were aged ≤35 years, and 38.5% were aged >35 years. All non-smokers had MN values <10, while 87% of smokers had MN values >10 (p<0.001), with a trend of dose-dependent relationship between cigarette consumption and MN frequency. Similar patterns were observed in individuals using other forms of tobacco, with 97.4% exhibiting MN values >10 (p<0.001). Hot beverage consumption ≥7 cups/day was associated with 87% of subjects having MN values >10, highlighting the pattern of alternative forms of tobacco and high consumption of hot beverages association with elevated MN occurrence. Significant associations were found between MN and variables, except for age.

Conclusion: The findings underscore the significance of tobacco and hot beverage consumption in MN occurrence, emphasizing the need to address these behaviors to mitigate genotoxicity and associated health risks. Despite age showing no significant correlation with MN frequency within the studied age range, aging combined with cigarette smoking amplifies genetic damage.<br />.

Keywords: Hot beverage; Tobacco; micronuclei; oral cancer; smoking.