Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2024 Dec 13:12:1505272.
doi: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1505272. eCollection 2024.

Lotus seed (Nelumbinis semen) extract: anticancer potential and chemoprofiling by in vitro, in silico and GC-MS studies

Vijaya Jyothi Mallela  1 , Mithun Rudrapal  2 , D S N B K Prasanth  3 , Praveen Kumar Pasala  1 , Atul R Bendale  4 , Soumya Bhattacharya  5 , Sahar M Aldosari  6   7 , Johra Khan  6   7
Affiliations

Lotus seed (Nelumbinis semen) extract: anticancer potential and chemoprofiling by in vitro, in silico and GC-MS studies

Vijaya Jyothi Mallela et al. Front Chem. .

Abstract

Lotus seeds, also known as Nelumbinis semen, has been utilized for over 7,000 years as vegetable, functional food and medicine. In this study, we primarily investigated the anticancer effects of lotus seed extracts, particularly of the methanolic extract (MELS) on cell proliferation inhibition, apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest in ovarian cancer cell lines. Further, we studied the phytochemical composition of the MELS by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Additionally, molecular docking was performed in order to substantiate the in vitro anticancer effect by in silico inhibitory study of human survivin protein. Our in vitro study demonstrated significant inhibition of SKOV3 (IC50: 79.73 ± 0.91), A2780 (IC50: 100.18 ± 2.42), SKOV3-CisR (IC50: 115.87 ± 2.2) and A2780-CisR (IC50: 138.86 ± 2.46) cells by MELS, compared to acetone, petroleum ether, n-hexane extracts, and the standard drug, cisplatin. Furthermore, MELS resulted in a substantial increase in apoptosis cell count to 78% in A2780-CisR cells and 82% in SKOV3-CisR cells, whereas a significant reduction in the G1 and G2/M phases of cells treated with MELS when compared to the control group. To identify the potential phytocompounds present in the MELS, we conducted GC-MS analysis, which led to the identification of 14 compounds. Molecular docking analysis revealed that oleic acid, stigmast-5-en-3-ol, phytol and glyceryl linolenate exhibited remarkable binding affinities of -6.1, -5.9, -5.8 and -5.6 kcal/mol, respectively against survivin. Our findings suggest that certain phytochemicals presented above found in MELS may have therapeutic potential for management of ovarian cancer.

Keywords: GC-MS; anticancer; chemoprofiling; lotus seeds; methanolic extract; molecular docking; phytochemicals.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Annexin-V FITC/PI staining of apoptosis at 24 h of incubation. (A) SKOV3-CisR control, (B) A2780-CisR cells, (C) A2780-CisR control, (D) MELS treated SKOV3-CisR cells.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Flow cytometric cell cycle distribution analysis. (A) SKOV3-CisR control cells, (B) MELS treated SKOV3-CisR, (C) Control cells of A2780-CisR, (D) MELS treated A2780-CisR cells.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Molecular surface view and 2D representation of interactions between phytochemicals with the survivin. (A) Oleic acid, (B) Stigmast-5-en-3-ol, (C) Phytol and (D) Glyceryl linolenate.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Lead scaffolds of some representative bioactive phytochemicals.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Altameme H. J., Hameed I. H., Idan S. A., Hadi M. Y. (2015). Biochemical analysis of Origanum vulgare seeds by fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). J. Pharmacogn. Phytotherapy. 10.5897/jpp2015.0362 - DOI
    1. Archana V. P., Armaković S. J., Armaković S., Celik I., Bhagyasree J. B., Babu K. D., et al. (2023). Exploring the structural, photophysical and optoelectronic properties of a diaryl heptanoid curcumin derivative and identification as a SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor. J. Mol. Struct. 1281, 135110. 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135110 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Baru Venkata R., Prasanth D. S. N. B. K., Pasala P. K., Panda S. P., Tatipamula V. B., Mulukuri S., et al. (2023). Utilizing Andrographis paniculata leaves and roots by effective usage of the bioactive andrographolide and its nanodelivery: investigation of antikindling and antioxidant activities through in silico and in vivo studies. Front. Nutr. 10, 1185236. 10.3389/fnut.2023.1185236 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Bickerton G. R., Paolini G. V., Besnard J., Muresan S., Hopkins A. L. (2012). Quantifying the chemical beauty of drugs. Nat. Chem. 4, 90–98. 10.1038/nchem.1243 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Carnero A. (2002). Targeting the cell cycle for cancer therapy. Br. J. Cancer 87, 129–133. 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600458 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources