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Review
. 2024 Nov 29;16(11):e74770.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.74770. eCollection 2024 Nov.

Current Knowledge of the Etiology and Management of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization in Children: A Narrative Review

Rawan Alrehaili  1 , Ahmed Khalil  1 , Jubarah Mergami  2 , Almaha Koriri  3 , Nusaybah Yamani  3 , Shahad Albayat  4 , Ali Alqurainiy  5 , Bashayer Alghamdi  6 , Nouf Alzaaqi  7 , Ali Assiry  8
Affiliations
Review

Current Knowledge of the Etiology and Management of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization in Children: A Narrative Review

Rawan Alrehaili et al. Cureus. .

Abstract

Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a developmental condition affecting the enamel, primarily targeting one to four permanent first molars, often with the involvement of permanent incisors. The condition is characterized by distinct white-yellow or yellow-brown opacities, with more severe cases exhibiting hypomineralized enamel that is prone to breakdown. Recent data highlights MIH as a widespread dental issue seen across the globe. Despite its prevalence, the exact etiology remains unclear due to the variety of potential contributing factors. Managing MIH is particularly challenging, requiring a holistic approach to address the broad spectrum of symptoms and the heightened sensitivity of the affected teeth. Given the unique challenges of MIH, it is essential to gather updated and thorough knowledge. This understanding is critical for exploring potential preventive measures and enhancing treatment outcomes. This review aimed to examine the underlying causes of MIH, assess various treatment strategies, and offer a thorough understanding of the condition based on the latest research.

Keywords: children; enamel defect; enamel hypomineralization; enamel hypoplasia; molar incisor hypomineraliation.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. The progression of molar incisor hypomineralization severity
Image Credit: Ahmed Khalil (author); created with the help of www.canva.com Reference: [44]
Figure 2
Figure 2. The diagnostic criteria of MIH according to The European Academy of Peadiatric Dentistry
Image Credit: Ahmed Khalil (author); created with the help of www.canva.com Reference: [67]
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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