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. 2024 Dec 16:11:1509711.
doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1509711. eCollection 2024.

Body Mass Index mediates the associations between dietary approaches to stop hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea among U.S. adults

Songtao Li #  1 , Yuxin Yang #  2 , Mengying Lin  3 , Tian Lv  4 , Yourang Pan  3 , Jie Zhou  4
Affiliations

Body Mass Index mediates the associations between dietary approaches to stop hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea among U.S. adults

Songtao Li et al. Front Nutr. .

Abstract

Background: The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) are associated with reduced cardiovascular, diabetes risk, but the effect on obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is uncertain.

Methods: This study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). DASH score was assessed through 24-h dietary recall interviews, and OSA diagnosis in individuals was based on predefined criteria. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between DASH and OSA. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was used to investigate the dose-response relationship between DASH score and OSA risk. And comprehensive subgroup and mediation analyses were performed.

Results: Among the 14,978 participants, 27.01% had OSA. DASH scores had a negative association with the risk of OSA (OR = 0.91, 95%CI: 0.88-0.95, p < 0.01). Next, we divided DASH scores into quintiles groups. In comparison to the reference group Q1, groups Q5 had adjusted OR values of 0.63 (95%CI: 0.52-0.76, p < 0.01). Subgroup analyses revealed that this association was consistent across different groups. Further mediation analyses showed that the associations of DASH with OSA risk parallelly mediated by the above Body Mass Index (BMI) 33.4%,95%CI (20.6-46.2%) (all p < 0.05). The restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis indicated a significant dose-response relationship between DASH diet and OSA risk.

Conclusion: These findings suggested that DASH decreased OSA risk, which was possibly and partly mediated by BMI.

Keywords: BMI - Body Mass Index; DASH (dietary approaches to stop hypertension); NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey); OSA (obstructive sleep apnea); mediation.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow chart of the study population.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The restricted cubic spline (RCS) curve between DASH score and OSA incidence based on Model 2.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Subgroup analyses assessing the effect of DASH score on OSA incidence.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The mediating effect analysis of DASH Score and OSA.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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