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. 2024 Dec 30;14(1):32017.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-83676-x.

Insights into the effects of transgenic glyphosate-resistant semiwild soybean on soil microbial diversity

Shijia Dong  1   2 , Yunfei Gao  3 , Liu Xin  4 , Wei Ding  4
Affiliations

Insights into the effects of transgenic glyphosate-resistant semiwild soybean on soil microbial diversity

Shijia Dong et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

Transgenic soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merrill] currently covers approximately 80% of the global crop area for this species, with the majority of transgenic plants being glyphosate resistant (Roundup Ready, GR or RR). However, there is significant concern regarding the potential effects of GM crops and their byproducts on soil microbial communities. During our research, we discovered a type of semiwild soybean that emerged due to genetic drift at a transgenic test site. Nevertheless, the ecological risk to soil rhizosphere microorganisms associated with planting semiwild soybean following genetic drift remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted a field experiment and collected soil samples at various stages of plant growth. Our results indicate that the species diversity of rhizosphere bacteria in transgenic glyphosate-resistant semiwild soybean was also not significantly different from that observed in other types of soybean. Additionally, Basidiomycota had beneficial effects on rhizosphere fungi during the flowering and maturation stages in transgenic glyphosate-tolerant semiwild soybean. These findings provide valuable insights into how genetic drift in transgenic soybean may impact the soil microenvironment.

Keywords: Glyphosate resistance; Microbial community structure; Microbial diversity; Semiwild soybean.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Approval for plant experiments: We have permission to collect wild soybean. The experiment complied with relevant institutional, national, and international guidelines and legislation. The transgenic soybean Hujiao 698 and the cultivated soybean Dongnong 50 were provided by the Pesticide Research Laboratory of Northeast Agricultural University. The glyphosate-resistant semiwild and wild soybeans were collected from the field. All materials were stored in the Pesticide Research Laboratory of Northeast Agricultural University.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Analysis of the rhizosphere soil bacteria and fungi of DT-1 at the flowering stage. (a) Analysis of the rhizosphere soil bacterial composition at the phylum level; (b) Heatmap of the rhizosphere soil bacterial composition at the genus level; (c) Analysis of the rhizosphere soil fungal composition at the phylum level; (d) Heatmap of the rhizosphere soil fungal composition at the genus level.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Analysis of the rhizosphere soil bacteria and fungi of DT-1 at the mature stage. (a) Analysis of the rhizosphere soil bacterial composition at the phylum level; (b) Heatmap of the rhizosphere soil bacterial composition at the genus level; (c) Analysis of the rhizosphere soil fungal composition at the phylum level; (d) Heatmap of the rhizosphere soil fungal composition at the genus level.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Effects of different soybean growth stages on the soil bacterial Shannon index. (a) seedling, (b) flowering, (c) pod, (d) mature.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Effects of soybean growth stages on the soil bacterial Simpson index. (a) seedling, (b) flowering, (c) pod, (d) mature.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Effects of different soybean growth stages on the soil fungal Shannon index. (a) seedling, (b) flowering, (c) pod, (d) mature.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Effects of soybean growth stages on the soil fungal Simpson index. (a) seedling, (b) flowering, (c) pod, (d) mature.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Cladograms of line discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analyses based on bacterial community composition in different soybeans. AD: D50; BD: DT-1; CD: HJ698; DD: WS-1.
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
Cladograms of line discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analyses based on fungal community composition in the different soybeans. AD: D50; BD: DT-1; CD: HJ698; DD: WS-1.
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