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. 2024 Dec 31;19(12):e0289451.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289451. eCollection 2024.

Population impact of malaria control interventions in the health district of Kati, Mali

Abdoulaye Katile  1   2 , Issaka Sagara  1   2 , Mady Cissoko  1   2 , Cédric Stéphane Bationo  1 , Mathias Dolo  2 , Pascal Dembélé  3 , Bourama Kamate  2 , Ismaila Simaga  4 , Mahamadou Soumana Sissoko  2 , Jordi Landier  1 , Jean Gaudart  2   5
Affiliations

Population impact of malaria control interventions in the health district of Kati, Mali

Abdoulaye Katile et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Background: WHO and its partners have adopted alternative control interventions since the failure to eradicate malaria worldwide in the 1960s and 1970s. The aim of these interventions has been to redesign the control interventions to make them more effective and more efficient. The purpose of this study is to assess the population impact of control interventions implemented at the community health area level.

Methods: The analysis used data from the health information system on malaria cases and interventions (distribution of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs), seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC), access to rapid diagnostic tests (RDT), intermittent preventive treatment for pregnant women (IPTp)) collected in the Kati health district from 2017 to 2020. And the contextual parameters (temperature, normal difference vegetation index (NDVI) and rainfall) were obtained by remote sensing. A generalized additive model was used to assess the impact of malaria control interventions on malaria cases as a function of meteorological factors.

Results: The incidence of malaria varies from year to year and from health area to health area, as do meteorological factors in the study area. The distribution of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets, chemoprevention of seasonal malaria in children and access to rapid diagnostic tests for malaria were found to have a significant impact on the incidence of malaria in the population. Seasonal malaria chemoprevention was effective in reducing the incidence of malaria, while distribution of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets and access to rapid diagnostic tests increased with the number of malaria cases, reflecting efforts to distribute and use bed nets and to diagnose malaria cases among the population in the study area.

Conclusion: The study showed the impact of SMC on reducing malaria cases in the population and the significant efforts in LLIN distribution and malaria case diagnosis. To further reduce the burden of malaria, sustained efforts and new interventions are needed, including improving access to rapid diagnosis and treatment in communities by developing community health workers and locally tailored mass drug administration.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Map of study site: Kati health district with its 35 functional health areas.
Source: MRTC GIS, Authors: Abdoulaye Katile, Edition: February 2024.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Map of intervention strategies [the distribution rate of LLIN (Long-Lasting Insecticidal Net), the rate of children receiving SMC (Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention), the number of RDT (Rapid Diagnostic Test) used, the rate of pregnant women receiving IPTp (Intermittent Preventive Treatment of Malaria for Pregnant Women)] per health area.
Source: MRTC GIS, Authors: Abdoulaye Katile, Edition: June 2023.
Fig 3
Fig 3. Relationship between malaria incidence (black curve with 95% confidence interval, grey area) and malaria control interventions.
(a) Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC), (b) insecticide treated mosquito nets (MILD) and (c) rapid diagnostic test (RDT).
Fig 4
Fig 4. Map of incidence rate of malaria in the study area.
Source: MRTC GIS, Authors: Abdoulaye Katile, Edition: June 2023.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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