Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Comment
. 2025 Jan 7;122(1):e2423093121.
doi: 10.1073/pnas.2423093121. Epub 2024 Dec 31.

Multitude of glasses of water

Francesco Sciortino  1
Affiliations
Comment

Multitude of glasses of water

Francesco Sciortino. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. .
No abstract available

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests statement:The author declares no competing interest.

Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
(A) Schematic representation of the temperature dependence of the density along a constant pressure path for pressures where a density maximum exists (P<Pmax) and where it does not (P>Pmax. The black curves indicate the density dependence measured in equilibrium (continuous line) and the predicted behavior for an experimentally attainable slow cooling rate (dashed-line). The red line indicates the T dependence of the density for an experimentally attainable fast cooling. While for P<Pmax the density at low T is larger for faster quenches, the opposite behavior is observed for P>Pmax. Glasses produced by cooling are confined in the region of densities indicated by the brown area. Shear increases always the density with respect to the slow cooling value at the same pressure, offering the possibility to explore the violet-colored range of densities. In the presence of a density maximum, shear expands the range of densities compared to cooling. For P>Pmax, shear and cooling sample different density windows. The blue circle indicates the density of the ball-milled sample, located in the region of densities accessed only by shear. (B) Multitude of glasses generated with infinite cooling rate, in the potential energy (constant volume, red arrows) and in the enthalpy (constant pressure, blue arrows) landscape framework. The black curves indicate the equilibrium equation of state (density vs. temperature) at four different pressures (from Bottom to Top: ambient, intermediate, liquid–liquid critical point, large). The dashed brown area indicates that inherent structure glasses with all relevant densities can be generated by an instantaneous quench, providing a connection between the resulting glass and the equilibrium starting state point.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment on

Similar articles

See all similar articles

References

    1. de Almeida Ribeiro I., et al. , Medium-density amorphous ice unveils shear rate as a new dimension in water’s phase diagram. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 121, e2414444121 (2024). - PMC - PubMed
    1. Binder K., Kob W., Glassy Materials and Disordered Solids: An Introduction to Their Statistical Mechanics (World Scientific, 2011).
    1. Debenedetti P. G., Stillinger F. H., Supercooled liquids and the glass transition. Nature 410, 259–267 (2001). - PubMed
    1. Leishangthem P., Parmar A. D., Sastry S., The yielding transition in amorphous solids under oscillatory shear deformation. Nat. Commun. 8, 14653 (2017). - PMC - PubMed
    1. Johari G., Hallbrucker A., Mayer E., The glass-liquid transition of hyperquenched water. Nature 330, 552–553 (1987).

LinkOut - more resources