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. 2024 Dec 31;24(1):3621.
doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-21179-0.

The effects of PM2.5 components on the cardiovascular disease admissions in Shanghai City, China: a multi- region study

Wanying Su  1 , Heping Liu  1 , Tiantian Han  1 , Yunyun Wang  1 , Yi An  1 , Yan Lin  2
Affiliations

The effects of PM2.5 components on the cardiovascular disease admissions in Shanghai City, China: a multi- region study

Wanying Su et al. BMC Public Health. .

Abstract

Background: The burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is severe worldwide. Although many studies have investigated the association of particulate pollution with CVD, the effect of finer particulate pollution components on CVD remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the effect of five PM2.5 components ([Formula: see text], sulfate; [Formula: see text], nitrate; [Formula: see text], ammonium; OM, organic matter; BC, carbon black) on CVD admission in Shanghai City, identify the susceptible population, and provide clues for the prevention and control of particulate pollution.

Methods: Daily PM2.5 components data during 2013-2019 in three districts of Shanghai were obtained from Tracking Air Pollution in China. We obtained CVD daily admissions data from relevant departments of Tongji Hospital, including basic information (sex, age, time of admissions, ICD code of root cause of admissions, etc.). First, generalized additive model (GAM) and distributed lag non-linear (DLNM) model were used to evaluate the individual effects of PM2.5 components on CVD admission in three districts of Shanghai. Then, the three regions were pooled for analysis using either a random-effects model or a fixed-effects model.

Results: Overall, all five PM2.5 components had significant effects on CVD admission risk. BC and OM were strongly associated with daily CVD admissions, with increasing interquartile range of the concentrations, the maximum values of cumulative RR (95% CI) were 1.318 (95%CI: 1.222-1.415) and 1.243 (95%CI: 1.164-1.322), respectively. The elderly (≥ 65 years old) was more sensitive to the four PM2.5 components than the young population. [Formula: see text] and BC were strongest associated with CVD admissions in the elderly than in younger people, with increasing interquartile range of the concentrations, the maximum cumulative RR (95% CI) was 1.567 (95% CI: 1.116-2.019) and 1.534 (95% CI: 1.104-1.963), respectively.

Conclusions: This study found that five PM2.5 components were significant risk factors for CVD admissions and specific CVD diseases in Shanghai City. The elderly were susceptible to [Formula: see text],[Formula: see text], OM, and BC.

Keywords: Cardiovascular disease; China; Multi- region study; PM2.5 components.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: The database of PM2.5 components is open. The data of CVD admissions used in this study are from the Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, who granted the permission. This research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Tongji Hospital of Tongji University (Approval number: K-W-2024-011). The need for written informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee of the Tongji Hospital of Tongji University due to retrospective nature of the study. All data used in this study were anonymized before its use. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Spearman’s correlations between the five PM2.5 components and meteorological factors. (formula image, sulfate; formula image, nitrate; formula image, ammonium; OM, organic matter; BC, carbon black; MT, mean temperature; MRH, mean relative humidity)
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Maximum RR estimation and 95% confidence interval for the association between concentrations of 5 PM2.5 components and CVD admissions in 3 districts in Shanghai City (formula image, sulfate; formula image, nitrate; formula image, ammonium; OM, organic matter; BC, carbon black)
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
The individual and pooled exposure response curves for the associations of moving mean concentrations of 5 PM2.5 components with daily CVD admissions (CVD, cardiovascular disease; formula image, sulfate; formula image, nitrate; formula image, ammonium; OM, organic matter; BC, carbon black)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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