Global perspectives on transplant disparities

Abstract

Purpose of review: Our goal was to review and summarize the current state of global disease burden from organ failure and the efforts to improve outcomes with organ transplantation. We also reviewed intra- and inter-country disparities in organ failure and organ transplantation along with potential mechanisms to improve access to organ transplantation globally.

Recent findings: Many disparities and inequities observed globally can be characterized by the country's income category. Low- and lower-middle income countries (LLMICs) have higher rates of communicable disease-attributed organ failure, while upper-income countries (UICs) have high overall prevalence due to global growth in noncommunicable etiologies of organ failure. Many downstream disparities in access to organ transplantation and outcomes are associated with country income designation. Improvements in data collection and surveillance of populations with organ failure and organ transplantation are urgently needed.

Summary: Improving outcomes for patients with end-organ disease globally will require countries to improve organ transplantation access and care. For LLMICs, collaboration with international transplant systems and engagement with neighboring countries may establish important foundations for organ transplant systems. For UICs, increasing organ donor availability through technological advances and increasing public engagement will help meet the growing needs for organ transplantation as an important treatment modality.