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. 2024 Dec 18:11:1493815.
doi: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1493815. eCollection 2024.

ACE2 and TMPRSS2 genetic polymorphisms as potential predictors of COVID-19 severity and outcome in females

Sanja Matic  1 , Dragan Milovanovic  2   3 , Zeljko Mijailovic  4   5 , Predrag Djurdjevic  6   7 , Srdjan Stefanovic  1 , Danijela Todorovic  8 , Katarina Vitosevic  9   10 , Vanja Canovic  10 , Suzana Popovic  11 , Nevena Milivojevic Dimitrijevic  12   13 , Marko Zivanovic  12   13 , Dragana Seklic  13 , Sanja Aleksic  7 , Nemanja Djordjevic  4   5 , Milena Vukic  14 , Nenad Vukovic  14 , Nenad Filipovic  12   15 , Dejan Baskic  11   16 , Natasa Djordjevic  2
Affiliations

ACE2 and TMPRSS2 genetic polymorphisms as potential predictors of COVID-19 severity and outcome in females

Sanja Matic et al. Front Med (Lausanne). .

Abstract

Introduction: ACE2 and TMPRSS2 represent the major gateways for SARS-CoV-2 cell entry. The presence of functional ACE2 and TMPRSS2 genetic polymorphisms that affect gene expression may affect the risk of severe form of COVID-19 and its fatal outcome.

Material and patients: This observational study enrolled 178 hospitalized patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection at the University Clinical Centre of Kragujevac, Serbia. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were gathered at admission. Genotyping for single nucleotide polymorphisms of ACE2 (rs2106809 and rs2074192) and TMPRSS2 (rs2070788 and rs4818239) was performed using the Real-Time PCR method with TaqMan assays.

Results: Controlling for other factors of influence, such as CCI, N/L ratio, LDH level, and pO2, we showed that females with TMPRSS2 rs2070788 A/A genotype were less likely to develop severe COVID-19 (odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval (95% CI)]: 0.030 [0.001; 0.862]). Additionally, the likelihood of dying of SARS-CoV-2 infection was lower in female carriers of at least one ACE2 rs2106809 C allele (OR [95% CI]: 0.004 [0.000; 0.981]).

Conclusion: Our findings indicate TMPRSS2 rs2070788 and ACE2 rs2106809 polymorphisms as independent predictors of severity and outcome of COVID-19 in females.

Keywords: ACE2; COVID-19; TMPRSS2; outcome; severity.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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