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Review
. 2025 Feb 1;25(1):27-33.
doi: 10.1097/ACI.0000000000001046. Epub 2024 Nov 18.

Biomarkers in the diagnosis of mast cell activation

Dayne Voelker  1 , Thanai Pongdee
Affiliations
Review

Biomarkers in the diagnosis of mast cell activation

Dayne Voelker et al. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. .

Abstract

Purpose of review: Mast cell activation is defined by activation of mast cells by varying stimuli with release of chemical mediators either through degranulation or release of de novo synthesized proteins or lipid mediators. Currently, tryptase measurement increase during symptomatic episodes is the most accepted biomarker measurement for mast cell activation. However, newer diagnostic tools including clinically available urinary mast cell mediators are noninvasive and can be more readily obtained compared to serum tryptase levels. This review will highlight biomarker measurement in the diagnosis of mast cell activation.

Recent findings: This review will highlight biomarker measurement in mast cell activation including serum tryptase and urinary mast cell mediators including N-methylhistamine, leukotriene E4, and 2,3-dinor-11beta-prostaglandin F2 alpha.

Summary: Urine mast cell mediators obtained at baseline and during symptom exacerbation are emerging biomarkers in the diagnosis of mast cell activation. Tryptase measurement and urinary mast cell mediator measurement are currently the most accepted biomarkers for mast cell activation. Further research is needed to establish new biomarkers for mast cell activation.

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Conflict of interest statement

Dr Pongdee receives research funding from Blueprint Medicines. Dr Voelker has no conflicts of interest to disclose.

Figures

Box 1
Box 1
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FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Biomarkers of mast cell activation.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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