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Review
. 2025 Feb 1;38(1):54-59.
doi: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000001075. Epub 2024 Nov 20.

Progress towards effective vaccines for Chlamydia trachomatis

Amanda L Collar  1 , Kathryn M Frietze  2
Affiliations
Review

Progress towards effective vaccines for Chlamydia trachomatis

Amanda L Collar et al. Curr Opin Infect Dis. .

Abstract

Purpose of review: Effective vaccines to prevent sexually transmitted Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infection have eluded researchers for decades. However, recent studies of a promising vaccine in human trials, and emerging understanding of the complexity of the natural immune response to infection have provided hope for the eventual approval of a vaccine. This review highlights recent progress toward developing effective vaccines for Ct.

Recent findings: In 2019, the first-in-human Ct vaccine, CTH522, Phase I/IIB trial was reported. Recent studies of this vaccine and its derivatives have further established CTH522 as the lead vaccine against sexually transmitted Ct. A variety of vaccines have entered the preclinical development pipeline, with researchers reporting efforts to target non-MOMP antigens, include novel adjuvants in vaccine formulations, and use alternative routes of administration to increase efficacy.

Summary: While the approval of a vaccine for Ct is closer than ever, the need for careful consideration of future implementation is especially important for the successful clinical translation of Ct vaccines into humans.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest: KMF and ALC are co-inventors on a provisional patent describing a Chlamydia vaccine.

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