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. 2024 Dec 19:15:1512692.
doi: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1512692. eCollection 2024.

Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the BAHD gene family in Leonurus japonicus

Qing Wang  1 , Tongtong Guo  1 , Yuxiao Yi  1 , Jiaxin Zhang  1 , Wenhan Lv  1 , Fengtang Yang  1 , Jianing Xu  1
Affiliations

Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the BAHD gene family in Leonurus japonicus

Qing Wang et al. Front Genet. .

Abstract

Acylation represents a pivotal biochemical process that is instrumental in the modification of secondary metabolites throughout the growth and developmental stages of plants. The BAHD acyltransferase family within the plant kingdom predominantly utilizes coenzyme A thioester as the acyl donor, while employing alcohol or amine compounds as the acceptor substrates to facilitate acylation reactions. Using bioinformatics approaches, the LjBAHD gene family members in the genome of Leonurus japonicus (L. japonicus) were identified and characterized including gene structure, conserved motifs, cis-acting elements, and potential gene functions. To elucidate the roles of BAHD genes in various tissues of L. japonicus, the expression profiles of LjBAHD family members across different organs were scrutinized. Under drought stress treatment, some LjBAHDs were upregulation, suggesting their potential involvement in drought response. Notably, a detailed study was conducted on a specific HCT gene (i.e., LjBAHD25) within the BAHD gene family. Analysis of its expression patterns suggested a role for LjBAHD25 in the phenylpropanoid metabolism pathway in L. japonicus, contributing to the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites with unique bioactivity. The findings of this study have established a scientific foundation for the subsequent development and functional validation of the BAHD gene family in L. japonicus.

Keywords: BAHD acyltransferases; L. japonicus; acylation; gene family; secondary metabolites.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Sequence comparison and chromosomal localisation of 47 LjBAHDs. (A) Multiple sequence alignments of conserved domains in LjBAHDs. Red box represent the conserved BAHD domains. (B) Chromosome distributions of LjBAHDs.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Phylogenetic tree and conserved motif of L. japonicus. (A) Phylogenetic analysis of L. japonicus and Arabidopsis thaliana BAHD domain. L. japonicus and Arabidopsis thaliana are marked as green and white pentagrams respectively. (B) Analysis of the conserved motifs of 47 LjBAHDs.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Synteny analyses. (A) Synteny analysis of BAHDs in L. japonicus genome. (B) Synteny analysis of BAHDs in L. japonicus with, Arabidopsis thaliana, Salvia bowleyana.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Analysis of the cis-acting elements of the LjBAHDs. (A) Promoter motif type statistics. (B) Classification of identified regulatory elements according to function and their response to hormones, light and growth. (C) The network of transcription factors regulating the expression of LjBAHDs.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
Functional annotation of LjBAHD genes. (A) Gene ontology (GO) analysis of LjBAHDs. (B) Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis of LjBAHDs.
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 6
The expression pattern of LjBAHDs. (A) Expression analysis of the 41 LjBAHDs in different tissues of L. japonicus. (B) Expression pattern of LjBAHD genes under drought stress.
FIGURE 7
FIGURE 7
Gene-phenotype data association analysis of 41 LjBAHDs and 22 p-coumaroyl analogues.
FIGURE 8
FIGURE 8
Expression analysis of the LjBAHD25 in L. japonicus under plant hormone.
FIGURE 9
FIGURE 9
Phenylpropanamine metabolic synthesis pathway in L. japonicus.
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