Advancements in omics technologies: Molecular mechanisms of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (Review)

Abstract

Acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an inflammatory response arising from lung and systemic injury with diverse causes and associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. To date, no fully effective pharmacological therapies have been established and the relevant underlying mechanisms warrant elucidation, which may be facilitated by multi‑omics technology. The present review summarizes the application of multi‑omics technology in identifying novel diagnostic markers and therapeutic strategies of ALI/ARDS as well as its pathogenesis.

Keywords: acute lung injury; acute respiratory distress syndrome; precision treatment; singe cell multi‑omics; singe cell sequence.

Figure 1

Application of single cell multi-omics technology in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome. Seq, Sequencing; Fth1^hi, ferritin heavy chain 1 Gene; Prok2, Prokineticin 2; WES, Whole exome sequencing; WGS, Whole Genome Sequencing; WGBS, Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing; ATAC, Assay for Targeting Accessible; 3C, Chromosome Conformation Capture; MS, Mass Spectrometer; SMPS, Switched-mode Power Supply; NMR, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; LC-MS, Liquid Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer; GC, Gas chromatography; NAMPT, Nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase; iASPP, Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 13 like Gene; TLR, Toll-like receptor; BORCS, BLOC-1 Related Complex Subunit; PI3, Peptidase inhibitor 3; CXECR1, C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 1; ARDEG, Autophagy-related differentially expressed genes; CXCL8, Interleukin-8; (REBL), RELB Proto-Oncogene, NF-KB subunit; CHOX, Cholesterol oxidase, Microorganism; IL-1R, Interleukin-1 Receptor; TGFBP, Transforming growth factor-β; LPC, Lysophosphatidyl choline; PSG, Polysaccharide;CSR, Clinical Study Report.

Figure 2

Single-cell multi-omics sequencing technology. By isolating individual cells and using various sequencing technologies, single-cell multi-omics analysis offers an in-depth understanding of cell type-specific gene regulation. Detection and synthesis of multiple molecules within the same cell, as well as integration of data from different molecular types, provide a comprehensive view of cellular processes. sc, Single cell; Trio, Triple omics; seq, Sequencing; GT, Genotyping-in-Thousands by sequencing; DR, gDNA-mRNA; WGS, Whole Genome Sequencing; Smart, Simple Modular Architecture Research Tool; M&T, methylome and transcriptome; SNARE, Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor; NMT, N-methyltransferase; RT, real-time; BS, Bisulfite; ATAC, Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin; SCI, Small circular interfering; PEA, Proximity Extension Assay; PLAYR, The proximity ligation assay for RNA; q, Quantitative; STA, Static Timing Analysis; CITE, Cellular Indexing of Transcriptomes and Epitopes; RAID, Redundant Array of Independent Disks; KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; WES, Whole exome sequencing; WTS, Whole transcriptome.