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. 2025 Mar;44(3):671-679.
doi: 10.1007/s10096-024-05036-x. Epub 2025 Jan 4.

Dynamic characteristics of high-risk HPV infection in women with low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, based on a community longitudinal study

Kailu Zhao  1 , Huimin Li  1 , Meng Cui  1 , Li Song  2 , Yuanjing Lyu  1 , Ling Ding  1 , Jintao Wang  3
Affiliations

Dynamic characteristics of high-risk HPV infection in women with low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, based on a community longitudinal study

Kailu Zhao et al. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2025 Mar.

Abstract

Background: High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection is the primary cause of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions. Approximately 35% of women with low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN1) may experience persistence or progression to high-grade lesions. Yet, the dynamic characteristics of HR-HPV infection in women with CIN1 remain unclear.

Methods: A total of 564 women diagnosed with CIN1, recruited from a community-based cohort, underwent a 24-month follow-up at 6th, 12th, and 24th month intervals. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to evaluate the risk of HR-HPV infection prognosis and their associated factors. Kaplan-Meier survival curves illustrated the dynamic changes of HR-HPV infection and association between HR-HPV infection prognosis and various influencing factors.

Results: HPV16 was the predominant carcinogenic genotype, followed by HPV58 and HPV52. Over the 24-month follow-up, persistent HPV16 infection occurred in 10.6% of women, with 14.4% converting from positive to negative and 4% developing HPV16 positivity from baseline HR-HPV negativity. Rates of persistent infection for HPV58, 52, 18, and 56 decreased over time, with HPV58, 52, and 31 infections more likely to turn HR-HPV negative. Additionally, rates of positive conversion from negative for HPV58, 56, 33, and 66 increased with extended follow-up time. Variables associated with dynamic characteristics of HR-HPV infection prognosis included personal hygiene, age of first menarche, age at first sexual intercourse, educational level, age, and menopausal status (all P < 0.05).

Conclusions: These findings contribute to understanding the dynamic characteristics of HR-HPV infection prognosis in women with CIN1 and its association with non-viral factors.

Keywords: Community longitudinal study; Dynamic characteristics; HR-HPV infection; Low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethical approval and consent to participate: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This study has been approved by the Institutional Review Board of Shanxi Medical University (No: 2013-003). Written and informed consent from every participant was obtained in this study. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

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