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Review
. 2025 Jan 3:S1043-2760(24)00328-X.
doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.12.006. Online ahead of print.

The growing range of complications of diabetes mellitus

Peter S Hamblin  1 , Anthony W Russell  2 , Stella Talic  3 , Sophia Zoungas  3
Affiliations
Review

The growing range of complications of diabetes mellitus

Peter S Hamblin et al. Trends Endocrinol Metab. .

Abstract

With the rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity, several previously under-recognised complications associated with T2DM are becoming more evident. The most common of these emerging complications are metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), cancer, dementia, sarcopenia, and frailty, as well as other conditions involving the lung, heart, and intestinal tract. Likely causative factors are chronic inflammation and insulin resistance, whereas blood glucose levels appear to play a lesser role. We discuss these complications and the new approaches being developed to prevent and manage them, especially incretin-based therapies. We argue that these new interventions may work in a complementary way to other proven cardiorenal protective therapies to reduce the burden of T2DM complications.

Keywords: cancer; dementia; diabetes; frailty; liver; sarcopenia.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of interests A.W.R. reports speaker honoraria from Boehringer-Ingelheim and Astra Zeneca paid to a University research account. S.T. reports grant support from the Medical Research Future Fund (MRFF) Cardiovascular Health Mission paid to Monash University, and travel and meeting support from Monash University Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics (CCRET), all independently of this work. S.Z. has received payment to Monash University from Eli Lilly Australia, Boehringer-Ingelheim, CSL Sequiris, AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, and Moderna for consultancy work and travel, and accommodation support from Eli Lilly and Novo Nordisk as well as funding from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), the Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care, the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF) Centre of Excellence, and the MRFF, all independently of this work. P.S.H. declares no competing interests.

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