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Review
. 2025 Jan 4;23(1):9.
doi: 10.1186/s12967-024-06022-9.

CXCL14 in prostate cancer: complex interactions in the tumor microenvironment and future prospects

Lei Tang #  1 , Xin Chen #  1   2 , Jianquan Hou  3   4 , Xuedong Wei  5
Affiliations
Review

CXCL14 in prostate cancer: complex interactions in the tumor microenvironment and future prospects

Lei Tang et al. J Transl Med. .

Abstract

CXCL14 is a highly conserved chemokine expressed in various cell types, playing crucial roles in both physiological and pathological processes, including immune regulation and tumorigenesis. Recently, the role of CXCL14 in tumors has attracted considerable attention. However, previous pan-cancer studies have reported inconsistencies regarding the effects of CXCL14 on tumors, particularly concerning its expression levels in tumor tissues and its influence on various phenotypes of cancer cells. This variability is believed to stem from the context-dependent nature of CXCL14, as different sources of CXCL14 and its secretion within distinct tumor microenvironments may mediate diverse biological effects. Such phenomena have also been observed in prostate cancer research. Despite a foundational understanding of CXCL14 in prostate cancer, there remains a lack of comprehensive reviews summarizing the specific roles of this chemokine and systematically analyzing the reasons behind its complex effects. Therefore, this article aims to discuss the role of CXCL14 in the tumor microenvironment of prostate cancer and explore future research directions and potential applications.

Keywords: CXCL14; Chemokines; Prostate cancer; Tumor microenvironment.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
CXCL14 Expression as a Prognostic Biomarker and Its Relationship with Immune Infiltration in Prostate Cancer: A Expression of CXCL14 in prostate cancer and normal prostate tissues in the GEPIA 2 database; B The upper panel illustrates the relationship between CXCL14 and Overall Survival (OS) in prostate cancer, the lower panel depicts the relationship between CXCL14 and Disease Free Survival (DFS) in prostate cancer; C Immunohistochemistry of CXCL14 in prostate cancer in the HPA database; D The correlation of CXCL14 with common immune cells in prostate cancer in the TIMER2 database
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Mechanism diagram of CXCL14 interaction with TME in the prostate cancer: In the TME of prostate cancer, CXCL14 is sourced from tumor cells, CAFs, and endothelial cells. The secretion of CXCL14 by tumor cells is regulated by CD82 and EGF, while the CXCL14 released by CAFs is modulated by exosomes containing lncAY927529. Subsequently, CXCL14 can exert its effects on various cell types, including tumor cells, CAFs (via ERK and ARE/NOS1), macrophages (through ERK and NF-κB), NK cells, T cells, and dendritic cells, ultimately regulating the phenotypic characteristics of the tumor
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Gene effect score of CXCL14 in prostate cancer cell lines within the DepMap database
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
The correlation of CXCL14 with ACKR2, CXCR4, GPR25, and GPR182 in prostate cancer samples from TCGA
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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