Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2024 Dec 31;10(6):403-415.
doi: 10.52601/bpr.2024.240005.

Mechanism and application of mesenchymal stem cells and their secreting extracellular vesicles in regulating CD4+T cells in immune diseases

Zehua Lin  1 , Weisong Cai  1 , Yuechen Sun  1 , Baoai Han  1 , Yifan Hu  1 , Zuhong He  1 , Xiong Chen  1   2
Affiliations

Mechanism and application of mesenchymal stem cells and their secreting extracellular vesicles in regulating CD4+T cells in immune diseases

Zehua Lin et al. Biophys Rep. .

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show significant promise in treating immune diseases due to their ability to differentiate into various cell types and their immunomodulatory properties. However, the mechanisms by which MSCs regulate CD4+T cells, essential for immune responses, are not yet fully understood. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of how MSCs and their secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) modulate CD4+T cells in immune diseases. We begin by discussing the immunomodulatory properties of MSCs and the factors contributing to their effectiveness. Following this, we explore how MSCs interact with CD4+T cells through various pathways, including the secretion of soluble factors, direct cell-cell contact, and EV-mediated communication. A key focus is on the therapeutic potential of MSC-derived EVs, which are rich in bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. These molecules can regulate the phenotype and function of CD4+T cells. The challenges and future perspectives in utilizing MSCs and EVs for immune-disease therapy are also addressed. Overall, this research aims to enhance our understanding of the mechanisms behind MSC-mediated regulation of CD4+T cells and provide insights into the potential use of MSCs and EVs as therapeutic tools in immune diseases. In summary, understanding how MSCs and their EVs control CD4+T cells can offer valuable perspectives for developing innovative immunotherapeutic approaches. Leveraging the immunomodulatory capacity of MSCs and EVs holds promise for managing immune-related disorders.

Keywords: CD4+T cells; Exosomes; Immune diseases; Mesenchymal stem cells.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Zehua Lin, Weisong Cai, Yuechen Sun, Baoai Han, Yifan Hu, Zuhong He and Xiong Chen declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The Origin and differentiation characteristics of MSC. MSCs can be derived from various tissues and possess the capacity to differentiate into cartilage, bone, and fat cells. Additionally, MSCs have the capability to release extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic vesicles
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effects of MSCs and MSC-derived EVs on CD4+T in different types of immune diseases. MSCs can secrete or express a variety of proteins, soluble factors and microRNAs, such as IDO1, TGF-β1, miR-139. Substances produced by MSCs have the ability to inhibit and promote the proliferation of CD4+T cells, leading to their differentiation into various subpopulations via distinct pathways. These subpopulations include Th1 cells, Th2 cells, Th17 cells, Treg cells, iTreg cells, and TFH cells. The immunomodulatory function of MSCs plays a crucial role in enhancing the regression of immune diseases. For a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory function of MSCs, please refer to supplementary Table S1
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Ahmadvand Koohsari S, Absalan A, Azadi D Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles attenuate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis via regulating pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):11658. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-91291-3. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Akhter W, Nakhle J, Vaillant L, Garcin G, Le Saout C, Simon M, Crozet C, Djouad F, Jorgensen C, Vignais ML, Hernandez J Transfer of mesenchymal stem cell mitochondria to CD4(+) T cells contributes to repress Th1 differentiation by downregulating T-bet expression. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2023;14(1):12. doi: 10.1186/s13287-022-03219-x. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Aleahmad M, Bozorgmehr M, Nikoo S, Ghanavatinejad A, Shokri MR, Montazeri S, Shokri F, Zarnani AH Endometrial mesenchymal stem/stromal cells: the enigma to code messages for generation of functionally active regulatory T cells. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2021;12(1):536. doi: 10.1186/s13287-021-02603-3. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Annunziato F, Romagnani C, Romagnani S The 3 major types of innate and adaptive cell-mediated effector immunity. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015;135(3):626–635. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.11.001. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Bartolucci J, Verdugo FJ, González PL, Larrea RE, Abarzua E, Goset C, Rojo P, Palma I, Lamich R, Pedreros PA, Valdivia G, Lopez VM, Nazzal C, Alcayaga-Miranda F, Cuenca J, Brobeck MJ, Patel AN, Figueroa FE, Khoury M Safety and efficacy of the intravenous infusion of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in patients with heart failure: a phase 1/2 randomized controlled trial (RIMECARD Trial [Randomized clinical trial of intravenous infusion umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on cardiopathy]) Circ Res. 2017;121(10):1192–1204. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.117.310712. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources