Pharmacological profiling of medicinal plants: a contemporary overview

Abstract

Throughout history, medicinal plants have played a significant role in various traditional medical systems. This review article focusses on therapeutic properties of Withania somnifera, Cassia fistula, Ricinus communis and Moringa oleifera. These plants have earned recognition for their curative, medical, life-sustaining and chemical uses. Castor oil is abundant in R. communis, also known as castor oil plant. The plant demonstrates strong analgesic and anti-inflammatory characteristics. W. somnifera, is well known for its anti-inflammatory properties. The primary active components, withanolides, have been linked to immunomodulatory, and anti-cancer activities, making it a crucial herb in conventional ayurvedic therapy. C. fistula, also known as golden rain tree, is attributed for its astringent and anti-inflammatory effects. The fruit of M. oleifera, often known as drumstick, is highly recommended as a superfood due to its high nutritional value. The fruit's juice is rich in anthraquinone glycosides and beneficial for its traditional use in the treatment of diarrhoea and related gastrointestinal ailments. This plant's leaves, fruits and seeds are rich in metabolites that have exceptional anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and cardioprotective qualities. The significance of these plants in advancing human health and well-being is also highlighted as we look at current studies and potential future applications in medicine.

Keywords: Biological properties; anthraquinone; immunomodulatory; life-sustaining; withanolides.