Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2025 Jan 6;25(1):26.
doi: 10.1186/s12903-024-05346-8.

Therapeutic extraction of second molars in orthodontics: a scoping review

Ziad M Montasser  1 , Mona A Montasser  2
Affiliations

Therapeutic extraction of second molars in orthodontics: a scoping review

Ziad M Montasser et al. BMC Oral Health. .

Abstract

Objective: To review the literature to identify the present evidence on the extraction of second molars in orthodontics.

Materials & method: A search of the MEDLINE/PubMed®, Scopus, Web of Science™, and ProQuest® databases for full-text articles was done on March 5, 2024. The search went back till the 1st of January 1991 and was limited to articles in English. The results of the first search went through a preliminary check to remove duplicates and then the titles and abstracts of the articles were read to exclude the irrelevant studies, case studies, or reviews. The abstracts of the selected studies were read carefully to verify if the inclusion criteria were met. Finally, the full texts of the potentially eligible studies were read to apply the eligibility criteria and decide whether to include them in the review or not. The eligibility criteria were set following the PICO (population, intervention, comparison, and outcome) standard. The included studies were thoroughly summarized by extracting the most important information.

Results: The electronic search located a total of 103 articles distributed among the databases. Removing duplicates left 48 Studies. After careful assessment of the titles and abstracts, 32 studies were excluded leaving 16 studies. Applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria resulted in the exclusion of 2 studies and including 14 studies in the scoping review.

Conclusions: There is quite low level of evidence to support second molar extraction in orthodontics. Conducting a systematic review would not add much to the evidence as well-conducted RCTs are needed first.

Keywords: Extraction; Orthodontics; Second Molars.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This scoping review followed the best practices for research conducting and reporting. Consent for publication: All authors have read and approved the final manuscript and agree with its submission to BMC Oral health. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flow diagram for screening and selection of the sources
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

References

    1. Bishara SE, Ortho D, Burkey PS. Second molar extractions: a review. Am J Orthod. 1986;89(5):415–24. 10.1016/0002-9416(86)90073-4. - PubMed
    1. Hatami A, Dreyer C. The extraction of first, second or third permanent molar teeth and its effect on the dentofacial complex. Aust Dent J. 2019;64(4):302–11. 10.1111/adj.12716. - PubMed
    1. Sandler PJ, Atkinson R, Murray AM. For four sixes. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2000;117(4):418–34. 10.1016/s0889-5406(00)70161-2. - PubMed
    1. Chua ES, Felicita AS. The orthodontic extraction of permanent molars: a literature review. Aust Orthod J. 2015;31(1):69–77. - PubMed
    1. Jerrold P, Accornero M, Chay C. The extraction of teeth: part 2 considerations regarding which teeth to extract. Semin Orthod. 2019;25(4):318–22.

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources