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Review
. 2024 Jul 1;9(4):1315-1323.
doi: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.06.015. eCollection 2024 Dec.

Exploring the role of noncoding RNAs in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and precision medicine

Basmah Eldakhakhny  1   2 , Abdulaziz M Sutaih  3 , Moaaz A Siddiqui  3 , Yamin M Aqeeli  3 , Akram Z Awan  3 , Mohammad Y Alsayegh  3 , Salma A Elsamanoudy  4 , Ayman Elsamanoudy  1   2   5
Affiliations
Review

Exploring the role of noncoding RNAs in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and precision medicine

Basmah Eldakhakhny et al. Noncoding RNA Res. .

Abstract

This review article studies the complex field of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in cancer biology, focusing on their potential use as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. NcRNAs include circular RNAs (circRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs). We discuss how ncRNAs affect gene expression in cancerous cells, the spread of cancer, and metastasis. The article illustrates the complex pathways through which ncRNAs can affect oncogenesis, tumor suppression, and therapeutic resistance. It also assesses the potential clinical uses of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including their utility in cancer diagnosis, and prognosis. Besides, their potential for personalized cancer therapy is documented. Finally, it is concluded that understanding the role of ncRNA is of clinical importance regarding carcinogenesis, cancer diagnosis, and personalized therapy.

Keywords: Biomarkers; Cancer biology; Circular RNAs (circRNAs); Diagnosis; Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs); MicroRNAs (miRNAs); Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs); Personalized medicine; Prognosis.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Overview of Non-Coding RNAs (ncRNAs). NcRNA is categorized into housekeeping and Regulatory ncRNA. Housekeeping ncRNA includes tRNA (Transfer RNA), rRNA (Ribosomal RNA; snRNA (Small Nuclear RNA), and snoRNA (Small Nucleolar RNA). Regulatory ncRNAs are further categorized into short ncRNA< 200 and long ncRNA >200. Short ncRNA includes miRNA (microRNA), piRNA (Piwi-interacting RNA), siRNA (Small Interfering RNA), and scaRNA (Small Cajal body-specific RNA). Long ncRNA includes lincRNA (Long Intergenic Non-Coding RNA), circRNA (Circular RNA), eRNA (Enhancer RNA), and NAT (Natural Antisense Transcript).
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The Role and Mechanism of ncRNA in Cancer Development.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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