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. 2024 Dec 15;14(24):3617.
doi: 10.3390/ani14243617.

Growth Superiority and Genetic Characterization of the Hybrid from Female Ussuri Catfish (Pseudobagrus ussuriensis) and Male Longsnout Catfish (Leiocassis longirostris)

Minghua Xie  1   2 , Yulin Zhou  2 , Yi Gong  2   3 , Min Liu  2   3 , Peng Zhen  2   3 , Zhi Li  2   3 , Li Zhou  2   3 , Jianfang Gui  2   3 , Zhongwei Wang  2   3
Affiliations

Growth Superiority and Genetic Characterization of the Hybrid from Female Ussuri Catfish (Pseudobagrus ussuriensis) and Male Longsnout Catfish (Leiocassis longirostris)

Minghua Xie et al. Animals (Basel). .

Abstract

Crossbreeding is a traditional breeding technique and has been performed successfully in many fish species. However, distant hybridization between different genera is hard to be successful because of reproductive isolation. In this study, diploid hybrids (PL) were successfully derived from the hybridization of Ussuri catfish (Pseudobagrus ussuriensis, PU, ♀, 2n = 52) and longsnout catfish (Leiocassis longirostris, LL, ♂, 2n = 52). And the morphological data, external frame parameters, chromosomal karyotypes, DNA content measurement, mitochondrial DNA control region, and species-specific marker identification were applied to investigate the traits and genetic characterization of the PL hybrid offspring and their parents. Both quantifiable traits and shape frame parameters of the PL hybrid offspring were revealed to be intermediate between those of their parents; however, cluster analysis showed that their external morphology was more in favor of the maternal PU. The growth comparisons showed that the hybrids had significant growth advantages over maternal PU. Based on karyotype patterns, DNA contents and mitochondrial DNA, the hybrid origin and maternal inheritance of hybrid offspring were further confirmed. According to the sequence variations identified from the genome sequences of the two catfish species, one species-specific marker was developed to distinguish the PL hybrid offspring and their parents. Therefore, this study provides a successful case for intergeneric hybridization and hybrid superiority, and the PL hybrid shows promise for commercial application, pending further studies into its husbandry, health, and welfare with larger populations of fish.

Keywords: Leiocassis longirostris; Pseudobagrus ussuriensis; crossbreeding; molecular marker; phenotype.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Comparison of appearance, morphology, and growth properties between the PL hybrid offspring and their parents. (A) Measured drawing of fish body frame structure. There are 13 coordinate points, where D1−2 indicates the distance between coordinate points 1 and 2, and so on. Among them, 1: the lower end of the mandible; 2: the front end of the snout; 3: the front end of the ventral fin; 4: the upper end of the maxilla; 5: the front end of the anal fin; 6: the front end of the dorsal fin; 7: the rear end of the anal fin; 8: the rear end of the dorsal fin; 9: the front end of the adipose fin; 10: the rear end of the adipose fin; 11: ventral origin of caudal fin; 12: dorsal origin of the caudal fin; 13: the front end of the pectoral fin. (B) Body shape truss network of PL, PU, and LL. (C) Hierarchical dendrogram of PL, PU, and LL. (D) Scatter diagram for PC1 and PC2 plot of PL, PU, and LL. (E) Comparison of growth performance between PL, PU, and LL. Significant differences in weight were marked with asterisks; * indicates p < 0.05, ** indicates p < 0.01.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Histogram of DNA content of blood cells and examination of chromosome number in the PL hybrid and their parents. (A) The mean DNA content of the PL hybrid. (B) The mean DNA content of PU. (C) The mean DNA content of LL. (D) Distribution of chromosome numbers in 100 metaphases of the PL hybrid. (E) Distribution of chromosome numbers in 100 metaphases of PU. (F) Distribution of chromosome numbers in 100 metaphases of LL.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Formation procedure, chromosomal traits, and appearance of the PL hybrid and their parents. (A) The appearance, chromosome number, and chromosome karyotype of PU. (B) The appearance, chromosome number, and chromosome karyotype of LL. (C) The appearance, chromosome number, and chromosome karyotype of the PL hybrid.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Variant nucleotide sites in the mitochondrial DNA control region of the PL hybrid offspring and their parents. The red arrow indicates the single nucleotide indels; the green arrow indicates the substitution sites.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Species-specific DNA marker of the PL hybrid offspring and their parents. (A) Chromosome sequence alignment and collinearity analysis between PU and LL. (B) Sequence alignment between PU and LL. (C) Electrophoresis results of PCR products using specific primers in PL, PU, and LL.
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