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. 2024 Dec 11;12(24):2505.
doi: 10.3390/healthcare12242505.

Mental Health Awareness: Stigma and Help-Seeking Among Portuguese College Students

Paula Saraiva Carvalho  1   2 , Nádia Pombal  1 , Jorge Gama  3 , Manuel Loureiro  1   2
Affiliations

Mental Health Awareness: Stigma and Help-Seeking Among Portuguese College Students

Paula Saraiva Carvalho et al. Healthcare (Basel). .

Abstract

Background/objectives: Help-seeking-that is, the attempt to attain external help for mental health, be it from formal or informal sources-can be described as an adaptive coping process. Mental illness stigma is the most frequently identified barrier that prevents students from seeking psychological help. This study analyzed college students' beliefs about mental illness and attitudes toward formal psychological help-seeking.

Methods: Two hundred and eighty-two students from the first and third undergraduate years of Psychology, Sociology, Fashion Design, and Sports Science courses participated. The majority of the sample (75.4%) was female, while only 24.6% was male, with a mean age of 20.04 years. The scales used were the Inventory of Beliefs about Mental Illness (IBMI), the Inventory of Attitudes Toward Seeking Mental Health Services (IATSMHS), and a sociodemographic questionnaire.

Results: The results revealed that females, third-year students, and Psychology students had fewer stigmatizing beliefs about mental illness and more positive attitudes towards help-seeking. Moreover, there were statistically significant differences in beliefs and attitudes in relation to psychological support and familiarity with mental illness. We also glimpsed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on students' mental health, and observed a change in opinions and attitudes toward mental illness during this period. Correlation analysis showed negative correlations between stigmatizing beliefs and attitudes toward seeking help. Finally, a cluster analysis identified two profiles of individuals that reflected different levels of stigma and help-seeking attitudes.

Conclusions: This study delineated two distinct groups of students, which is relevant as it allows us to trace profiles to outline more uniform intervention groups and, in turn, implement new and improved interventions that are better adapted to the specific needs of college students.

Keywords: cluster analysis; college students; help-seeking behaviour; mental health; mental illness stigma.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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