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. 2024 Nov 29;14(12):1530.
doi: 10.3390/biom14121530.

Urate Levels as a Predictor of the Prevalence and Level of Cardiovascular Risk Factors: An Identificación de La PoBlación Española de Riesgo Cardiovascular y Renal Study

Paula Antelo-Pais  1 , Miguel Ángel Prieto-Díaz  2 , Rafael M Micó-Pérez  3 , Vicente Pallarés-Carratalá  4 , Sonsoles Velilla-Zancada  5 , José Polo-García  6 , Alfonso Barquilla-García  7 , Leovigildo Ginel-Mendoza  8 , Antonio Segura-Fragoso  9 , Facundo Vitelli-Storelli  10 , Vicente Martín-Sánchez  11 , Álvaro Hermida-Ameijerias  12 , Sergio Cinza-Sanjurjo  13   14   15 , On Behalf Of The Investigators Of The Iberican Study And Of The Spanish Society Of Primary Care Physicians Semergen Foundation
Affiliations

Urate Levels as a Predictor of the Prevalence and Level of Cardiovascular Risk Factors: An Identificación de La PoBlación Española de Riesgo Cardiovascular y Renal Study

Paula Antelo-Pais et al. Biomolecules. .

Abstract

(1) Background: Urate levels lower than the classical cut-off point for defining hyperuricemia can increase cardiovascular risks. The aim of this study is to determine if there is a relationship between different urate levels and classic cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs). (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study of the inclusion visits of the patients recruited to the IBERICAN study was conducted. The patients were classified into quartiles according to their distribution of urate levels and separated by sex; the three lower points corresponded to normal levels of urate, and the highest quartile was determined according to the classical definition of HU. Multivariate analysis models, adjusted for epidemiological variables, were used to analyze the association of urate levels with CVRFs. (3) Results: The presence of CVRFs was higher across the quartiles of urate, with a continuous increase along the quartiles in both sexes in accordance with body mass index (p < 0.01), waist circumference (p < 0.01), blood pressure (p < 0.01), and LDL cholesterol (p < 0.01). The CV risk estimated by SCORE was associated with an increase along the quartiles in women (p = 0.02). (4) Conclusions: A progressive increase in the frequency of CVRFs, as well as in their levels, was observed across the quartiles of uricemia, which reflects an increase in the CVRs associated with uricemia.

Keywords: cardiovascular risk; hyperuricemia; primary care.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Body mass index and waist circumference across the quartiles for both sexes. ANOVA for the relationship between body mass index and waist circumference in both sexes, adjusted for age, level of education, physical activity, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Systolic and diastolic blood pressure across the quartiles for both sexes. ANOVA for the relationship between systolic and diastolic blood pressure in both sexes, adjusted for age, level of education, physical activity, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Levels of blood glucose across the quartiles for both sexes. ANOVA for the relationship between blood glucose in both sexes, adjusted for age, level of education, physical activity, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Lipid profile levels across the quartiles for both sexes. ANOVA for the lipid profile relationship in both sexes, adjusted for age, level of education, physical activity, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in each quartile.
Figure 6
Figure 6
SCORE-estimated cardiovascular risk for both sexes according to the four levels of uricemia. ANOVA for the SCORE risk level relationship in both sexes, adjusted for age, level of education, physical activity, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet.
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