Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2024 Nov 30;14(12):1541.
doi: 10.3390/biom14121541.

CXCL13 as a Biomarker: Background and Utility in Multiple Sclerosis

Andrew R Pachner  1 , Steven Pike  1 , Andrew D Smith  1 , Francesca Gilli  1
Affiliations
Review

CXCL13 as a Biomarker: Background and Utility in Multiple Sclerosis

Andrew R Pachner et al. Biomolecules. .

Abstract

CXCL13 is a chemokine which is upregulated within the CNS in multiple sclerosis, Lyme neuroborreliosis, and other inflammatory diseases and is increasingly clinically useful as a biomarker. This review provides background for understanding its function in the immune system and its relationship to ectopic lymphoid follicles. Also reviewed are its utility in multiple sclerosis and Lyme neuroborreliosis and potential problems in its measurement. CXCL13 has the potential to be an exceptionally useful biomarker in a range of inflammatory diseases.

Keywords: CXCL13; ELISA; Luminex; Lyme neuroborreliosis; Olink; chemoattractant; chemokine; ectopic lymphoid follicle; matrix effects; multiple sclerosis; point-of-care testing.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

    1. Gunn M.D., Ngo V.N., Ansel K.M., Ekland E.H., Cyster J.G., Williams L.T. A B-cell-homing chemokine made in lymphoid follicles activates Burkitt’s lymphoma receptor-1. Nature. 1998;391:799–803. doi: 10.1038/35876. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Legler D.F., Loetscher M., Roos R.S., Clark-Lewis I., Baggiolini M., Moser B. B cell-attracting chemokine 1, a human CXC chemokine expressed in lymphoid tissues, selectively attracts B lymphocytes via BLR1/CXCR5. J. Exp. Med. 1998;187:655–660. doi: 10.1084/jem.187.4.655. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Forster R., Mattis A.E., Kremmer E., Wolf E., Brem G., Lipp M. A putative chemokine receptor, BLR1, directs B cell migration to defined lymphoid organs and specific anatomic compartments of the spleen. Cell. 1996;87:1037–1047. doi: 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81798-5. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Hargreaves D.C., Hyman P.L., Lu T.T., Ngo V.N., Bidgol A., Suzuki G., Zou Y.R., Littman D.R., Cyster J.G. A coordinated change in chemokine responsiveness guides plasma cell movements. J. Exp. Med. 2001;194:45–56. doi: 10.1084/jem.194.1.45. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Narayan K., Dail D., Li L., Cadavid D., Amrute S., Fitzgerald-Bocarsly P., Pachner A.R. The nervous system as ectopic germinal center: CXCL13 and IgG in lyme neuroborreliosis. Ann. Neurol. 2005;57:813–823. doi: 10.1002/ana.20486. - DOI - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources