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. 2024 Dec 18;13(24):4092.
doi: 10.3390/foods13244092.

Bioaccessibility and Functional Food Potential of Equisetum telmateia Ehrh. Against Diabetes-Induced Kidney Disorders

Timur Hakan Barak  1 , İnci Kurt-Celep  2 , Engin Celep  1
Affiliations

Bioaccessibility and Functional Food Potential of Equisetum telmateia Ehrh. Against Diabetes-Induced Kidney Disorders

Timur Hakan Barak et al. Foods. .

Abstract

Various species from the genus Equisetum are recorded as food and folk medicine against both kidney complications and diabetes. Equisetum telmateia Ehrh. is documented as a folk remedy in Türkiye against several kidney disorders. This study was designed to evaluate the possible protective mechanisms of E. telmateia EtOH extract (ETE) against kidney disorders and diabetes through different routes, such as the prevention of ROS formation, inhibitory potential against various DM-related enzymes, and a reduction in the amount of the mediators leading to disorders in both systems at the cellular level. The objective was to achieve advanced precision for in vitro results while considering the effect of GIS on oral consumption. Both phytochemical and bioactivity studies were conducted before and after simulated digestion. The results showed that ETE is a rich source of flavonoids and phenolic acids. In addition, it has significant antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory potential. Treatment also yielded promising results at the cellular level for both antioxidative and inhibitor proteins, which may play a role in the pathogenesis of kidney disorders and diabetes. Following the in vitro digestion procedure, both the number of phytochemical ingredients and bioactivity parameters showed a considerable decreasing trend; however, the results are still significant enough to justify the traditional utilization of the genus Equisetum. This investigation demonstrated that ETE has noteworthy potential as a functional food for protection against diabetic kidney disease.

Keywords: Equisetum telmateia; LC-MS/MS; anti-diabetic; diuretic; in vitro digestion.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
LC/MS/MS chromatogram of the samples and the mixture of standards.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Determination of non-toxic concentrations of ETEBFR and ETEIN extracts in insulin-resistant HepG2 (HepG2-IR) cells by WST-1. (A) The % value of cell viability with increasing concentrations of ETEBFR applied to HepG2-IR cells for 24, 48, and 72 h. (B) The % value of cell viability with increasing concentrations of ETEIN applied to HepG2-IR cells for 24, 48, and 72 h. HepG2-IR cells were used as the control cell group and analyzed using 2-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons in the GraphPad Prism program. ● Statistically significant value at p ≤ 0.0001; ♦ statistically significant at p ≤ 0.001. ns = statistically similar results (not significant).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Detection of the changing protein levels in the molecular mechanism following the application of ETEBFR and ETEIN extracts at a non-toxic concentration of 125 µg/mL to HepG2-IR cells by Western blot. (A) Membrane image showing expression of phospho-NfκB, RAGE, and AP-1 proteins in the cellular pathway of HepG2-IR cells treated with 20 µg/mL of metformin (positive control), 125 µg/mL of ETEBFR, and 125 µg/mL of ETEIN extracts. (B) Statistical analysis of each protein compared to beta-actin, which has its own loading control. ● Significant at p ≤ 0.0001.
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