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Review
. 2024 Dec 10;13(24):7515.
doi: 10.3390/jcm13247515.

Molecular Links and Clinical Effects of Inflammation and Metabolic Background on Ischemic Stroke: An Update Review

Gaetano Pacinella  1 , Anna Maria Ciaccio  1 , Antonino Tuttolomondo  1
Affiliations
Review

Molecular Links and Clinical Effects of Inflammation and Metabolic Background on Ischemic Stroke: An Update Review

Gaetano Pacinella et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

Stroke is a major global health concern, with 12.2 million new cases and 6.6 million deaths reported in 2019, making it the second leading cause of death and third leading cause of disability worldwide. Ischemic stroke, caused by blood vessel occlusion, accounts for 87% of stroke cases and results in neuronal death due to oxygen and nutrient deprivation. The rising global stroke burden is linked to aging populations and increased metabolic risk factors like high blood pressure, obesity, and elevated glucose levels, which promote chronic inflammation. This article explores the intricate molecular and clinical interplay between inflammation and metabolic disorders, emphasizing their role in ischemic stroke development, progression, and outcomes.

Keywords: atherosclerosis; diabetes mellitus; endothelial dysfunction; inflammation; ischemic stroke; metabolic background; oxidative stress.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Main risk factors of cerebrovascular disease.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Molecular pathway linking ROS to inflammation.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Alteration of the balance between vasoconstriction and vasodilation leads to vascular pathology.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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