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. 2024 Dec 17;25(24):13497.
doi: 10.3390/ijms252413497.

Preeclampsia Treatment Aspirin/Clampsilin: Oxidative Stress, sFlt-1/PIGF Soluble Tyrosine Kinase 1, and Placental Growth Factor Monitoring

Denitsa Kostadinova-Slavova  1 , Kamelia Petkova-Parlapanska  2 , Irina Koleva  2 , Mariya Angelova  3 , Rafaah Sadi J Al-Dahwi  1 , Ekaterina Georgieva  4 , Yanka Karamalakova  2 , Galina Nikolova  2
Affiliations

Preeclampsia Treatment Aspirin/Clampsilin: Oxidative Stress, sFlt-1/PIGF Soluble Tyrosine Kinase 1, and Placental Growth Factor Monitoring

Denitsa Kostadinova-Slavova et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate and compare oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant enzyme activity in the serum of women at risk of developing preeclampsia (PE) to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes through early intervention. Changes in soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and placental growth factor (PlGF) levels were measured between 11 and 13 gestational weeks (gw.) before the onset of preeclampsia and its associated complications. This study evaluated the feasibility of the sFlt-1/PlGF biomarker ratio in predicting preeclampsia and adverse pregnancy outcomes, with the goal of preventive therapy with acetylsalicylic acid (150 mg daily), with acetylsalicylic acid (75 mg daily) and Clampsilin. For this purpose, the following were evaluated: (1) the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) as parameters of oxidative stress; (2) lipid oxidation; (3) antioxidant enzyme activity; and (4) cytokine production. Analysis of the results showed that pregnant women at risk of preeclampsia had significantly higher levels of ROS, lipid oxidation, and superoxide anion radical (•O2-) levels compared to normal pregnancies. In PE, depleted levels of nitric oxide (NO), impaired NO synthase system (NOS), and reduced antioxidant enzyme activity (p < 0.03) suggest that PE patients cannot compensate for oxidative stress (OS). In conclusion, oxidative stress in PE plays a key role, which arises from placental problems and affects both mother and baby. The groups with acetylsalicylic acid therapy (150 mg and 75 mg) were better affected compared to those on Clampsillin.

Keywords: NO; NOS; oxidative stress; preeclampsia; pregnancy.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Present the NO levels, eNOS, and iNOS in serum samples. (A) NO: Normotensive pregnancy (NP); PE patients; PE + 150 mg/day Aspirin; PE + Clampsilin; PE + Aspirin 75 mg/day. (B) eNOS: NP; PE patients; PE + 150 mg/day Aspirin; PE + Clampsilin; PE + Aspirin 75 mg/day. (C) iNOS: NP; PE patients; PE + 150 mg/day Aspirin; PE + Clampsilin; PE + Aspirin 75 mg/day. LSD post hoc test; * p < 0.05 vs. NP group; ** p < 0.05 vs. PE group.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The levels of oxidative stress markers are presented as MDA, ROS production, and •O2−. (A) MDA levels -NP; PE; PE + Aspirin 150mg/day; PE + Clampsilin; PE + Aspirin 75 mg/day. (B) ROS production— NP; PE; PE + Aspirin 150mg/day; PE + Clampsilin; PE + Aspirin 75 mg/day. (C) NP; PE; PE + Aspirin 150 mg/day; PE + Clampsilin; PE + Aspirin 75 mg/day. LSD post hoc test; * p < 0.05 vs. NP group; ** p < 0.05 vs. PE group.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Pro-inflammatory cytokine levels: (A) IL-6; (B) TNF-α; (C) IFN-γ; (D) TGF-β; (E) IL-1α; (F) IL-1β; (G) IL-17; (H) IL-22; LSD post hoc test, * p < 0.05 vs. NP; ** p < 0.05 vs. PE.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Pro-inflammatory cytokine levels: (A) IL-6; (B) TNF-α; (C) IFN-γ; (D) TGF-β; (E) IL-1α; (F) IL-1β; (G) IL-17; (H) IL-22; LSD post hoc test, * p < 0.05 vs. NP; ** p < 0.05 vs. PE.
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