Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2024 Dec 19;25(24):13622.
doi: 10.3390/ijms252413622.

The Pulp, Peel, Seed, and Food Products of Persea americana as Sources of Bioactive Phytochemicals with Cardioprotective Properties: A Review

Beata Olas  1
Affiliations
Review

The Pulp, Peel, Seed, and Food Products of Persea americana as Sources of Bioactive Phytochemicals with Cardioprotective Properties: A Review

Beata Olas. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Botanically speaking, avocado (Persea americana) is a fruit. It consists of a single large seed surrounded by a creamy, smooth-textured edible mesocarp or pulp covered by a thick, bumpy skin. Avocado is a nutrient-dense fruit, containing a range of bioactive compounds which have been independently associated with cardiovascular health. These compounds have been obtained from the pulp, peel, and seed. This narrative review summarizes the current understanding of the cardioprotective potential of avocado fruit, especially the pulp and seed, and its food products, and examines the biological mechanism behind it.

Keywords: avocado; cardiovascular disease; fatty acid; phenolic compound.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Avocado fruit and its by-products as potential source of bioactive compounds, their pro-healthy potential and use [19] (modified).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Biological mechanisms of cardioprotective properties of avocado and its chemical compounds [71] (modified).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Tabeshpour J., Razavi B.M., Hosseinzadeh H. Effects of avocado (Persea americana) on metabolic syndrome: A comprehensive systematic review. Phytother. Res. 2017;31:819–837. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5805. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Ochoa-Zarzosa A., Baez-Magana M., Guzman-Rodriguez J.J., Flores-Alvarez J.L., Lara-Marquez M., Zavala-Guerrero B., Salgado-Garciglia R., Lopez-Gomez R., Lopez-Meza J.E. Bioactive molecules from native Mexican avocado fruit (Persea americana var. drymifolia): A review. Plant Foods Hum. Nutr. 2021;76:133–142. doi: 10.1007/s11130-021-00887-7. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Ford N.A., Spagnuolo P., Kraft J., Bauer E. Nutritional composition of hass avocado pulp. Foods. 2023;12:2516. doi: 10.3390/foods12132516. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Bhuyan D.J., Alsherbiny M.A., Perera S., Low M., Basu A., Devi O.A., Barooah M.S., Li C.G., Papoutsis K. The odyssey of bioactive compounds in avocado (Persea americana) and their health benefits. Antioxidants. 2019;8:426. doi: 10.3390/antiox8100426. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Charles A.C., Dadmohammad Y., Abbaspourrad A. Food and cosmetic applications of the avocado seed: A review. Food Funct. 2022;13:6894–6901. doi: 10.1039/D1FO02438H. - DOI - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources