Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2024 Dec 20;25(24):13657.
doi: 10.3390/ijms252413657.

Whole-Exome Analysis and Osteosarcoma: A Game Still Open

Affiliations
Review

Whole-Exome Analysis and Osteosarcoma: A Game Still Open

Caterina Chiappetta et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most prevalent malignant bone tumor in adolescents and young adults. OS cells grow in a permissive local microenvironment which modulates their behavior and facilitates all steps in tumor development (e.g., proliferation/quiescence, invasion/migration, and drug resistance) and contributes to their intrinsic heterogeneity. The lung parenchyma is the most common metastatic site in OS, and metastatic foci are frequently associated with a poor clinical outcome. Although multiple factors may be responsible for the disease, including genetic mutations (e.g., Rb and p53), the molecular mechanism of development of OS remains unclear, and the conventional treatment for OS is still based on a sequential approach that combines chemotherapy and surgery. Also, despite the increase in clinical trials, the survival rates for OS have not improved. Non-specific targeting therapies thus show poor therapeutic effects, along with side effects at high doses. For these reasons, many efforts have been made to characterize the complex genome of OS thanks to the whole-exome analysis, with the aim of identifying predictive biomarkers to give these patients a better therapeutic option. This review aims to summarize and discuss the main recent advances in OS molecular research for precision medicine.

Keywords: immunotherapy; next-generation sequencing; osteosarcoma; tumor targeted therapy.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflit of interest.

References

    1. Raymond A.K., Ayala A.G., Knuutila S., Conventional O.S. In: World Health Organization Classification of Tumors Pathology and Genetics of Tumors of Soft Tissue and Bone. Fletcher C.D.M., Unni K.K., Mertens F., editors. IARC Press; Lyon, Paris: 2002. pp. 264–270.
    1. Damron T.A., Ward W.G., Stewart A. OS chondrosarcoma and Ewing’s sarcoma: National Cancer Data Base report. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 2007;459:40–47. doi: 10.1097/BLO.0b013e318059b8c9. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Jiang W.G., Sanders A.J., Katoh M., Ungefroren H., Gieseler F., Prince M., Thompson S.K., Zollo M., Spano D., Dhawan P., et al. Tissue invasion and metastasis: Molecular, biological and clinical perspectives. Semin. Cancer Biol. 2015;35:S244–S275. doi: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.03.008. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Durfee R.A., Mohammed M., Luu H.H. Review of OS and Current Management. Rheumatol. Ther. 2016;3:221–243. doi: 10.1007/s40744-016-0046-y. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Morrowa J.J., Khanna C. OS Genetics and Epigenetics: Emerging Biology and Candidate Therapies. Crit. Rev. Oncog. 2015;20:173–197. doi: 10.1615/CritRevOncog.2015013713. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

Substances