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. 2024 Dec 22;25(24):13702.
doi: 10.3390/ijms252413702.

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer on the Rhizosphere and Endosphere Bacterial Communities of Rice at Different Growth Stages

Jinjun Wang  1   2 , Wang Miao  2 , Shiyu Li  2 , Mingliang Yang  2 , Xinru Gao  2
Affiliations

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer on the Rhizosphere and Endosphere Bacterial Communities of Rice at Different Growth Stages

Jinjun Wang et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the impact of nitrogen (N) fertilizer on bacterial community composition and diversity in the rhizosphere and endosphere of rice at different growth stages. Two treatments, N0 (no N application) and N1 (270 kg N ha-1), were implemented, with samples collected during the jointing, tasseling, and maturity stages. High-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the structure and composition of bacterial communities associated with Huaidao No. 5 (japonica conventional rice). The findings indicated that root zone location was the primary factor influencing the diversity and composition of rice root-associated bacterial communities. Further analysis revealed that nitrogen fertilizer primarily influenced rhizosphere bacterial diversity, while endosphere bacterial diversity was more significantly affected by growth stages. Rice recruited distinct beneficial bacteria in the rhizosphere and endosphere depending on the growth stage. Additionally, the relative abundance of functional genes related to nitrogen metabolism in root-associated bacteria was not significantly influenced by nitrogen application at 270 kg N ha-1. These findings offer valuable insights into how nitrogen fertilizer affects plant root bacterial communities across different growth stages.

Keywords: bacterial community; endosphere; growth stage; nitrogen fertilizer; rhizosphere.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The rhizosphere and endosphere Shannon index and Chao1 index. (A,C) are the Shannon index and Chao1 index in the rhizosphere, respectively. (B,D) are the Shannon index and Chao1 index in the endosphere, respectively. Abbreviations: JS, jointing stage; TS, tasseling stage; MS, maturity stage. Different letters represent significant differences at p < 0.05, respectively.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of root bacterial communities. (A) PCoA of the rhizosphere and endosphere bacterial communities across all treatments, where 1 represents rhizosphere and 2 represents endosphere; (B) PCoA of the rhizosphere bacterial community; (C) PCoA of the endosphere bacterial community.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Composition of rhizosphere and endosphere bacterial communities under different treatments. (A) Relative abundance of the dominant phyla. (B) Relative abundance of the dominant genus.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) of bacterial community composition in the rhizosphere and endosphere of rice at different growth stages. (A–C) represent JS, TS, and MS in the rhizosphere, respectively. (D–F) represent JS, TS, and MS in the endosphere, respectively. Only the differences with a logarithmic LDA score > 3 and p < 0.05 are presented.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Relative abundance of functional genes related to nitrogen metabolism in the rhizosphere and endosphere.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) of functional genes related to nitrogen metabolism in the rhizosphere and endosphere of rice at different growth stages. (A–C) represent JS, TS, and MS in the rhizosphere, respectively. (D–F) represent JS, TS, and MS in the endosphere, respectively. Only the differences with a logarithmic LDA score > 3 and p < 0.05 are presented.
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