Biosensors for Seafood Safety Control-A Review

Abstract

The increased demand for consuming seafood has made seafood production undergo a rapid period of growth. However, seafood has a high risk of contamination from harmful microorganisms and marine toxins which can cause health problems for humans consuming it. Concerning this issue, monitoring seafood safety has become a center of attention for researchers, and developing effective methods for detecting contamination in seafood has become a critical research field. In this context, biosensors have served as a promising approach to monitor seafood contamination. Compared to conventional methods, biosensors have some key benefits such as high sensitivity, selectivity, portability, and user-friendly operation. Along with significant advances in biosensors, processes of seafood monitoring can be simplified and performed outside the laboratory. In this review article, we describe the mechanisms of two main types of biosensors regarding electrochemical and optical biosensors. The current reports within the last five years on the application of these biosensors for seafood monitoring are also summarized.

Keywords: SERS; biosensors; colorimetric; electrochemical; seafood safety.

Figure 1

Application of biosensors for seafood monitoring.

Figure 2

(A) Scheme showing the preparation of an aptamer-based electrochemical biosensor. (B) Electrochemical detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus apt-AuNP@NH₂-VMSF/PDA/GCE [28].

Figure 3

(A) Scheme showing the preparation of CeO₂@PtRu. (B) Results showing the colorimetric detection of Vibrio vulnificus (10⁴–10⁹ CFU/mL). (C) Results showing the selectivity test (1: Salmonella, 2: Vibrio parahaemolyticus, 3: Listeria monocytogenes, 4: Escherichia coli, 5: Bacillus cereus, 6: sterile PBS, 7: Vibrio vulnificus) [52].

Figure 4

(A) Scheme showing the detection of histamine using SERS biosensors fabricated from metallic substrate (Au/Ag nanorod and IRMOF-3@Au/PDMS membrane). (B) SERS spectra of histamine at different concentrations (0.0001 mg/L to 400 mg/L). (C) Plot of SERS intensities at 1331 cm⁻¹ as a function of the logarithmic histamine concentration [73].