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Review
. 2024 Dec 19;16(24):3550.
doi: 10.3390/polym16243550.

Polymeric Materials Used in 3DP in Dentistry-Biocompatibility Testing Challenges

Florentina Rus  1 , Cristina Neculau  2 , Marina Imre  3 , Florentina Duica  4   5 , Alexandra Popa  1 , Radu Mihai Moisa  1 , Bianca Voicu-Balasea  5 , Radu Radulescu  1 , Alexandra Ripszky  1 , Razvan Ene  6 , Silviu Pituru  7
Affiliations
Review

Polymeric Materials Used in 3DP in Dentistry-Biocompatibility Testing Challenges

Florentina Rus et al. Polymers (Basel). .

Abstract

In the latter part of the 20th century, remarkable developments in new dental materials and technologies were achieved. However, regarding the impact of dental resin-based materials 3D-printed on cellular responses, there have been a limited number of published studies recently. The biocompatibility of dental restorative materials is a controversial topic, especially when discussing modern manufacturing technologies. Three-dimensional printing generates the release of residual monomers due to incomplete polymerization of materials and involves the use of potentially toxic substances in post-printing processes that cannot be completely eliminated. Considering the issue of biocompatibility, this article aims to establish an overview of this aspect, summarizing the different types of biocompatibility tests performed on materials used in 3D printing in dentistry. In order to create this comprehensive review, articles dealing with the issue of 3D printing in dentistry were analysed by accessing the main specialized search engines using specific keywords. Relevant data referring to types of materials used in 3DP to manufacture various dental devices, polymerization methods, factors affecting monomer release, cytotoxicity of unreacted products or post-curing treatments, and methods for assessing biocompatibility were analysed. Although the introduction of new restorative materials used in dental treatments is subject to national and international regulations and standards, it is necessary to investigate them regarding biocompatibility in order to support or deny the manufacturers' statements regarding this aspect.

Keywords: 3D printing in dentistry; biocompatibility of 3D-printed materials; biocompatibility tests; cytotoxicity; dental materials; polymers; residual monomers; temporary prosthetic restorations; viability.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Review information flow.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Steps to determine the biocompatibility of materials according to ISO 10993-5 [17].
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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