Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2024 Dec 23;16(24):3603.
doi: 10.3390/polym16243603.

Participation of Polymer Materials in the Structure of Piezoelectric Composites

Cosmin Ionuț Pîrvu  1   2 , Alexandru Sover  3 , Mărioara Abrudeanu  1   4
Affiliations
Review

Participation of Polymer Materials in the Structure of Piezoelectric Composites

Cosmin Ionuț Pîrvu et al. Polymers (Basel). .

Abstract

This review explores the integration of polymer materials into piezoelectric composite structures, focusing on their application in sensor technologies, and wearable electronics. Piezoelectric composites combining ceramic phases like BaTiO3, KNN, or PZT with polymers such as PVDF exhibit significant potential due to their enhanced flexibility, processability, and electrical performance. The synergy between the high piezoelectric sensitivity of ceramics and the mechanical flexibility of polymers enables the development of advanced materials for biomedical devices, energy conversion, and smart infrastructure applications. This review discusses the evolution of lead-free ceramics, the challenges in improving polymer-ceramic interfaces, and innovations like 3D printing and surface functionalization, which enhance charge transfer and material durability. It also covers the effects of radiation on these materials, particularly in nuclear applications, and strategies to enhance radiation resistance. The review concludes that polymer materials play a critical role in advancing piezoelectric composite technologies by addressing environmental and functional challenges, paving the way for future innovations.

Keywords: lead-free ceramics; piezoelectric; polymers.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 6
Figure 6
Composite type 1-3: (a) structure of 1-3 composite; (b) flexible 1-3 composite [61].
Figure 1
Figure 1
Piezoelectric effect, after [3].
Figure 2
Figure 2
Flexible PZT device for energy harvesting, after [5].
Figure 3
Figure 3
Structure properties of BT, after [28].
Figure 4
Figure 4
BaTiO3 main dopants, after [39].
Figure 5
Figure 5
A 3-0 composite structure, after [5].
Figure 7
Figure 7
Cross-sectional morphologies of BaTiO3/PMMA 1-3 bio-piezoelectric composites with different BaTiO3 contents (after Yufei Tang and collaborators) [64].
Figure 8
Figure 8
Structure of the 2-2 composite, after [5].
Figure 9
Figure 9
Summary of recent studies on the manufacturing of wearable sensors using conventional techniques and 3D printing (according to Amr Osman and Jian Lu) [109].
Figure 10
Figure 10
Manufacturing of piezoelectric composites: (a) classical methods; (b) additive manufacturing (after Xuan Song and collaborators) [27].
Figure 11
Figure 11
Comparative diagram of the behavior of BT powder in conventional and SLA-based additive manufacturing processes (after Andrey Smirnov) [111].
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

References

    1. Newnham R.E., Skinner D.P., Cross L.E. Composite Piezoelectric Transducers. Mater. Des. 1980;2:93–106. doi: 10.1016/0261-3069(80)90019-9. - DOI
    1. Arnau A., Soares D. Piezoelectric Transducers and Applications. Springer; Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany: 2008. Fundamentals of Piezoelectricity.
    1. Holterman J., Groen P. An Introduction to Piezoelectric Materials and Components. Stichting Applied Piezo; Apeldoorn, The Netherlands: 2012.
    1. Yuan C., Zhang C., Yang C., Wu F., Xiao S., Sun H. Enhanced Piezoelectric Properties of Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride)/Lead Zirconate Titanate (PVDF/PZT) Fiber Films Fabricated by Electrospinning. J. Electron. Mater. 2023;52:7193–7207. doi: 10.1007/s11664-023-10631-3. - DOI
    1. Habib M., Lantgios I., Hornbostel K. A review of ceramic, polymer and composite piezoelectric materials. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 2022;55:423002. doi: 10.1088/1361-6463/ac8687. - DOI

LinkOut - more resources