Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Meta-Analysis
. 2025 Jan 7;1(1):CD013476.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013476.pub2.

Oral and intranasal aspirin desensitisation for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-exacerbated respiratory disease

Evelijn Lourijsen  1 , Klementina Avdeeva  1 , Kit Liang Gan  2 , Wytske Fokkens  1
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Oral and intranasal aspirin desensitisation for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-exacerbated respiratory disease

Evelijn Lourijsen et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. .

Abstract

Background: NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease (N-ERD) is a hypersensitivity to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin or ibuprofen, accompanied by chronic rhinosinusitis (with or without nasal polyps) or asthma. The prevalence of hypersensitivity to NSAIDs is estimated to be 2%. The first line of treatment is the avoidance of NSAIDs. Another treatment option is aspirin treatment after desensitisation (ATAD). Desensitisation can be induced by repeated administration of aspirin at fixed time intervals. The clinical benefit of aspirin might occur through inhibition of interleukin 4 and a reduction in prostaglandin D2. This therapy can be useful for people who have progressive airway disease and are in great need of medical intervention (mostly systemic corticosteroids) or surgery. An up-to-date Cochrane review is vital to investigate the effects of this therapy.

Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of oral or intranasal aspirin desensitisation, as monotherapy or as adjunctive therapy, in adults with NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease.

Search methods: The Cochrane Ear Nose and Throat (ENT) Information Specialist searched the Cochrane ENT and Airways Trials Registers; Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); Ovid MEDLINE; Ovid Embase; Web of Science; ClinicalTrials.gov; International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and additional sources for published and unpublished trials. The date of the search was 10 February 2023.

Selection criteria: Randomised controlled trials that compared ATAD with placebo were eligible. We included studies of adults with NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease (i.e. intolerance to NSAID established, e.g. by aspirin challenge test), with chronic rhinosinusitis or asthma, or both. Participants had to be followed up for at least three months.

Data collection and analysis: We used standard Cochrane methods. The primary outcomes were health-related quality of life, asthma control, and significant serious and non-serious adverse events. The secondary outcomes were changes in airway assessments, nasal endoscopy score, medication use, symptom scores, and chronic rhinosinusitis and asthma exacerbations (description of exacerbation for which systemic corticosteroid or sinus surgery was needed). We used the GRADE approach to rate the certainty of the evidence.

Main results: We included five studies with a total of 211 participants (146 analysed). All studies compared oral ATAD at different dosages with placebo and were performed in tertiary care centres. All participants had a diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. In four studies, participants also had a confirmed diagnosis of asthma and two studies reported that participants had previous surgery for nasal polyps. Outcomes were analysed at six and 36 months follow-up. However, only one study reported data for 36 months follow-up. All but one study reported source of funding. Mid-term follow-up (six months, ATAD versus placebo) ATAD may improve health-related quality of life, assessed with Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT) scores (mean difference (MD) -0.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.76 to -0.31; 3 studies, 85 participants; minimum clinically important difference (MCID) 9.0 points for total score; low-certainty evidence). In this analysis, SNOT-22 scores were divided by 22 and SNOT-20 scores were divided by 20. The mean reduction (11.9 points) in SNOT score (based on SNOT-22) is larger than the MCID. It is uncertain if asthma control may be improved after ATAD. Asthma control was measured using the Asthma Control Test (ACT) in one study and the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) in another study, so data were not pooled. The MD on the ACQ was -2.00 (total score 0 to 6) (95% CI -4.30 to 0.30; 1 study, 15 participants; MCID 0.5 points; very low-certainty evidence). The MD on the ACT was 5.90 (total score 5 to 25) (95% CI 2.93 to 8.87; 1 study, 30 participants; MCID 3 points; very low-certainty evidence). All but one study reported on adverse events. Seven participants in the active treatment group developed a gastrointestinal disorder and dropped out (129 participants, very low-certainty evidence). We are uncertain of the effect of ATAD on nasal airflow, measured by peak nasal inspiratory flow scores (MD 32.90 L/min, 95% CI -12.44 to 78.24; 1 study, 15 participants; very low-certainty evidence). It is uncertain if the dosage of intranasal or inhaled corticosteroids may be reduced with ATAD (inhaled corticosteroids: -1197.60 µg, 95% CI -1744.93 to -650.27; intranasal corticosteroids: -120.50 µg, 95% CI -206.49 to -34.51; 1 study; 15 participants; very low-certainty evidence). Symptom scores may not differ between ATAD and placebo, but the evidence is very uncertain (sneezing: MD -0.70, 95% CI -1.45 to 0.05; smell: MD -2.20, 95% CI -4.74 to 0.34; nasal blockage: MD -0.90, 95% CI -1.90 to 0.10; 1 study, very low-certainty evidence). No study assessed nasal endoscopy at this time point. Long-term follow-up (36 months, ATAD versus placebo) ATAD may improve quality of life, as measured with the Rhinosinusitis Disability Index (RSDI) score (MD-18.10, 95% CI -32.82 to -3.38; 1 study; 31 participants; low-certainty evidence). ATAD may result in little to no difference in the size of nasal polyps (MD -1.20, 95% CI -2.72 to 0.32; 1 study, 31 participants; very low-certainty evidence). No adverse events were reported in either group over the total study period of 36 months (1 study; 31 participants; very low-certainty evidence). Data on peak nasal inspiratory flow, changes in dosage of inhalation or intranasal corticosteroids and symptom scores were not reported at this time point.

Authors' conclusions: Aspirin treatment after desensitisation may improve health-related quality of life for people with N-ERD with a follow-up of six months. With respect to asthma control, adverse events, peak nasal inspiratory flow score, nasal endoscopy scores, changes in dosage of inhaled or intranasal corticosteroids, nasal and bronchial symptom scores, exacerbations or worsening of asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis (including the need for surgery), the evidence is inconclusive for the short-term and long-term. We did not find data on peak expiratory flow. It is difficult to interpret the results adequately, due to the potential influence of the use of any co-medications for chronic rhinosinusitis or asthma. Future research should emphasise longer duration of follow-up, report baseline disease characteristics and report on compliance and exacerbations for which additional medication or surgery is warranted.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Evelijn Lourijsen works as an ENT‐resident at Amsterdam UMC and is a PhD candidate. She declares that she has no known conflicts of interest.

Klementina Avdeeva works as an ENT‐resident at Amsterdam UMC and is a PhD candidate. She declares that she has no known conflicts of interest.

Kit Liang Gan works as an ENT‐specialist at Mahkota Medical Centre, Malaysia. He declares that he has no known conflicts of interest.

Prof. Dr. Wytske Fokkens is a Professor in Otorhinolaryngology at the Amsterdam Academic Medical Centre, AMC. She declares grants from GSK and Sanofi (paid to institution, but WF benefitted/had access to/control of the funds) and advisory board fees from Dianosic, GSK, Novartis (all personal payments) and Sanofi (paid to institution, but WF benefitted/had access to/control of the funds).

The Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam University Medical centre, AMC, received grants for research in Rhinology from: Novartis, EU, GSK, and Sanofi‐Aventis.

Update of

  • doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013476

Similar articles

See all similar articles

References

References to studies included in this review

Arshi 2021 {published data only}
    1. Arshi S, Darougar S, Nabavi M, Bemanian MH, Fallahpour M, Shokri S, et al. The effect of aspirin on moderate to severe asthmatic patients with aspirin hypersensitivity, chronic rhinosinusitis, and nasal polyposis. Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology 2021;20(3):287-93. [DOI: 10.18502/ijaai.v20i3.6330] - DOI - PubMed
Esmaeilzadeh 2015 {published data only}
    1. Esmaeilzadeh H, Nabavi M, Aryan Z, Arshi S, Bemanian MH, Fallahpour M, et al. Aspirin desensitization for patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Clinical Immunology 2015;160(2):349-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.05.012] - DOI - PubMed
    1. Hossein Esmaeilzadeh, Mohammad Nabavi, Saba Arshi, Mohammad Hassan Bemanian, Morteza Fallahpour, Zahra Aryan. Clinical and Immunological Effects of Aspirin Desensitization in Patients with Aspirin Exacerbated Respiratory Diseases; A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2015;135(2, Supplement):AB167. [DOI: ] - PubMed
Fruth 2013 {published data only}
    1. EUCTR2005-004437-18-DE 2006. Placebo-controlled double-blind study about the effectiveness of longtime acetylsalicylic acid desactivation therapy as prevention of recurrens of poyposis nasi in case of acetylsalicylic acid intolerance. www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2005-004437-18/DE (first received 19 May 2006).
    1. Fruth K, Pogorzelski B, Schmidtmann I, Springer J, Fennan N, Fraessdorf N, et al. Low-dose aspirin desensitization in individuals with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. Allergy 2013;68(5):659-65. [DOI: 10.1111/all.12131.] - DOI - PubMed
Mortazavi 2017 {published data only}
    1. Mortazavi N, Esmaeilzadeh H, Abbasinazari M, Babaie D, Alyasin S, Nabavizadeh H, et al. Clinical and immunological efficacy of aspirin desensitization in nasal polyp patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 2017;16(4):1639‐47. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Świerczyńska‐Krępa 2014 {published data only}
    1. Swierczynska-Krepa M, Nizankowska-Mogilnicka E, Gielicz A, Rybarczyk H, Szczeklik A. Chronic aspirin desensitization in aspirin-induced asthma: clinical effects and eicosanoid response. A double-blind study. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2011;183:A1307. [DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_MeetingAbstracts.A1307] - DOI
    1. Świerczyńska-Krępa M, Sanak M, Bochenek G, Stręk P, Ćmiel A, Gielicz A, et al. Aspirin desensitization in patients with aspirin-induced and aspirin-tolerant asthma: a double-blind study. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2014;134(4):883-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.02.041] - DOI - PubMed

References to studies excluded from this review

Celik 2017 {published data only}
    1. Celik GE, Karakaya G, Erkekol FO, Dursun BA, Gelincik A, Celebioglu E, et al. Long term clinical effects of aspirin desensitization in patients with NERD: comparison of maintenance doses of 300 mg vs 600 mg aspirin. Allergy 2017;72(S103):221-2. [ABSTRACT NUMBER: 0255] [PMID: 10.1111/all.13251] - DOI
Parikh 2005 {published data only}
    1. Parikh AA, Scadding GK. Intranasal lysine-aspirin in aspirin-sensitive nasal polyposis: a controlled trial. Laryngoscope 2005;115(8):1385-90. [DOI: 10.1097/01.MLG.0000166702.38850.1B] - DOI - PubMed
Sowerby 2021 {published data only}
    1. Sowerby LJ, Patel KB, Schmerk C, Rotenberg BW, Rocha T, Sommer DD. Effect of low salicylate diet on clinical and inflammatory markers in patients with aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease - a randomized crossover trial. Journal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 2021;50(1):27. [DOI: 10.1186/s40463-021-00502-4] - DOI - PMC - PubMed

References to studies awaiting assessment

IRCT2015061522531N2 {published data only}
    1. IRCT2015061522531N2. Study of the theraputic effect of low dose aspirin on symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis with aspirin sensitivity. irct.behdasht.gov.ir/trial/19412 (first received 20 August 2015 ).

Additional references

Benninger 1997
    1. Benninger MS, Senior BA. The development of the Rhinosinusitis Disability Index. Archives of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery 1997;123(11):1175-9. [DOI: 10.1001/archotol.1997.01900110025004] - DOI - PubMed
Berges‐Gimeno 2003
    1. Berges-Gimeno MP, Simon RA, Stevenson DD. Long-term treatment with aspirin desensitization in asthmatic patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2003;111(1):180-6. [DOI: 10.1067/mai.2003.7] - DOI - PubMed
Chen 2005
    1. Chen H, Katz PP, Shiboski S, Blanc PD. Evaluating change in health-related quality of life in adult rhinitis: responsiveness of the Rhinosinusitis Disability Index. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 2005;3(68):1-11. - PMC - PubMed
Chu 2019
    1. Chu DK, Lee DJ, Lee KM, Schünemann HJ, Szczeklik W, Lee JM. Benefits and harms of aspirin desensitization for aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology 2019;9(12):1409-19. [DOI: 10.1002/alr.22428] - DOI - PubMed
Comert 2013
    1. Comert S, Celebioglu E, Yucel T, Erdogan T, Karakaya G, Onerci M, et al. Aspirin 300 mg/day is effective for treating aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. Allergy 2013;68(11):1443-51. [DOI: 10.1111/all.12269] - DOI - PubMed
Cousins 2023
    1. Cousins K, Chen CC, Sehanobish E, Jerschow E. The role of oxylipins in NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease (N-ERD). Advanced Pharmacology 2023;97:423-44. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2022.12.002] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Deeks 2023
    1. Deeks JJ, Higgins JP, Altman DG, editor(s). Chapter 10: Analysing data and undertaking meta-analyses. In: Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.4 (updated August 2023). Cochrane, 2023. Available from www.training.cochrane.org/handbook.
Egger 1997
    1. Egger M, Davey Smith G, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ 1997;315(7109):629-34. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
EPOS 2020
    1. Fokkens WJ, Lund VJ, Hopkins C, Hellings PW, Kern R, Reitsma S, et al. European Position Paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps 2020. Rhinology 2020;58(Suppl S29):1-464. [DOI: 10.4193/Rhin20.600] - DOI - PubMed
Forer 2011
    1. Forer B, Kivity S, Sade J, Landsberg R. Aspirin desensitization for ASA triad patients—prospective study of the rhinologist's perspective. Rhinology 2011;49(1):95-9. [DOI: 10.4193/Rhino09.113] - DOI - PubMed
GINA 2024
    1. Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2024. Available from: www.ginasthma.org. [www.ginasthma.org]
GRADEpro GDT [Computer program]
    1. GRADEpro GDT. Version accessed 01 April 2022. Hamilton (ON): McMaster University (developed by Evidence Prime), 2023. Available at https://www.gradepro.org.
Hellings 2021
    1. Hellings PW, Verhoeven E, Fokkens WJ. State-of-the-art overview on biological treatment for CRSwNP. Rhinology 2021;59:151-63. [DOI: 10.4193/Rhin20.570] - DOI - PubMed
Higgins 2017
    1. Higgins JP, Altman DG, Sterne JA, editor(s). Chapter 8: Assessing risk of bias in included studies. In: Higgins JP, Churchill R, Chandler J, Cumpston MS, editor(s), Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.2.0 (updated June 2017), Cochrane, 2017. Available from www.training.cochrane.org/handbook.
Higgins 2023
    1. Higgins JP, Eldridge S, Li T, editor(s). Chapter 23: Including variants on randomized trials. In: Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.4 (updated August 2023). Cochrane, 2023. Available from www.training.cochrane.org/handbook.
Hill 2016
    1. Hill J, Burnett T, Katial R. Mechanisms of benefit with aspirin therapy in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America 2016;36(4):735-47. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Hopkins 2009
    1. Hopkins C, Gillett S, Slack R, Lund VJ, Browne JP. Psychometric validity of the 22-item Sinonasal Outcome Test. Clinical Otolaryngology 2009;34(5):447-54. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-4486.2009.01995.x] - DOI - PubMed
Howe 2014
    1. Howe R, Mirakian R, Pillai P, Gane S, Darby Y, Scadding G. Audit of nasal lysine aspirin therapy in recalcitrant aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease. World Allergy Organization Journal 2014;7:18. [DOI: 10.1186/1939-4551-7-18] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Juniper 1999
    1. Juniper EF, O'Byrne PM, Guyatt GH, Ferrie PJ, King DR. Development and validation of a questionnaire to measure asthma control. European Respiratory Journal 1999;14(4):902-7. [DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3003.1999.14d29.x] - DOI - PubMed
Juniper 2005
    1. Juniper EF, Svensson K, Mörk AC, Ståhl E. Measurement properties and interpretation of three shortened versions of the asthma control questionnaire. Respiratory Medicine 2005;99(5):553-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2004.10.008] - DOI - PubMed
Kowalski 2019
    1. Kowalski ML, Agache I, Bavbek S, Bakirtas A, Blanca M, Bochenek G, et al. Diagnosis and management of NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease (N-ERD)-a EAACI position paper. Allergy 2019;74(1):28-39. [DOI: 10.1111/all.13599] - DOI - PubMed
Lefebvre 2022
    1. Lefebvre C, Glanville J, Briscoe S, Featherstone R, Littlewood A, Marshall C, et al. Chapter 4: Searching for and selecting studies. In: Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.3 (updated February 2022). Cochrane, 2022.. Available from www.training.cochrane.org/handbook..
Meltzer 2006
    1. Meltzer EO, Hamilos DL, Hadley JA, Lanza DC, Marple BF, Nicklas RA, et al. Rhinosinusitis: developing guidance for clinical trials. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2006;118(5 Suppl):S17-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.09.005.] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Nizankowska‐Mogilnicka 2007
    1. Nizankowska-Mogilnicka E, Bochenek G, Mastalerz L, Swierczyńska M, Picado C, Scadding G, et al. EAACI/GA2LEN guideline: aspirin provocation tests for diagnosis of aspirin hypersensitivity. Allergy 2007;62(10):1111-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01409.x] - DOI - PubMed
Oykhman 2022
    1. Oykhman P, Paramo FA, Bousquet J, Kennedy DW, Brignardello-Petersen R, Chu DK. Comparative efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibodies and aspirin desensitization for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2022;149(4):1286-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.09.009] - DOI - PubMed
Page 2021
    1. Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 2021;29:372:n71. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n71] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Pendolino 2022
    1. Pendolino AL, Scadding GK, Scarpa B, Andrews PJ. A retrospective study on long-term efficacy of intranasal lysine-aspirin in controlling NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease. European Archives of Otorhinolaryngology 2022;279(5):2473-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-021-07063-2] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Philpott 2018
    1. Philpott CM, Erskine S, Hopkins C, Kumar N, Anari S, Kara N, et al, CRES Group. Prevalence of asthma, aspirin sensitivity and allergy in chronic rhinosinusitis: data from the UK National Chronic Rhinosinusitis Epidemiology Study. Respiratory Research 2018;19(1):129. [DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0823-y] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Piccirillo 2002
    1. Piccirillo JF, Merritt MG, Richards ML. Psychometric and clinimetric validity of the 20-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-20). Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 2002;126(1):41-7. [DOI: 10.1067/mhn.2002.121022] - DOI - PubMed
Psaltis 2014
    1. Psaltis AJ, Li G, Vaezeafshar R, Cho KS, Hwang PH. Modification of the Lund-Kennedy endoscopic scoring system improves its reliability and correlation with patient-reported outcome measures. Laryngoscope 2014;124(10):2216-23. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.2465] - DOI - PubMed
Rajan 2015
    1. Rajan JP, Wineinger NE, Stevenson DD, White AA. Prevalence of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease among asthmatic patients: a meta-analysis of the literature. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2015;135(3):676-81.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.08.020] - DOI - PubMed
Review Manager 2020 [Computer program]
    1. Review Manager 5 (RevMan 5). Version 5.4. Copenhagen: The Cochrane Collaboration, 2020.
RevMan 2024 [Computer program]
    1. Review Manager (RevMan). Version 7.12.0. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2024. Available at https://revman.cochrane.org.
Rozsasi 2008
    1. Rozsasi A, Polzehl D, Deutschle T, Smith E, Wiesmiller K, Riechelmann H, et al. Long-term treatment with aspirin desensitization: a prospective clinical trial comparing 100 and 300 mg aspirin daily. Allergy 2008;63(9):1228‐34. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2008.01658.x] - DOI - PubMed
Schatz 2009
    1. Schatz M, Kosinski M, Yarlas AS, Hanlon J, Watson ME, Jhingran P. The minimally important difference of the Asthma Control Test. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2009;124(4):719-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.06.053] - DOI - PubMed
Schünemann 2022a
    1. Schünemann HJ, Vist GE, Higgins JP, Santesso N, Deeks JJ, Glasziou P, et al. Chapter 15: Interpreting results and drawing conclusions. In: Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.3 (updated February 2022). Cochrane, 2022. Available from www.training.cochrane.org/handbook.
Schünemann 2022b
    1. Schünemann HJ, Higgins JP, Vist GE, Glasziou P, Akl EA, Skoetz N, et al. Chapter 14: Completing ‘Summary of findings’ tables and grading the certainty of the evidence. In: Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.3 (updated February 2022). Cochrane, 2022. Available from www.training.cochrane.org/handbook.
Sehanobish 2021
    1. Sehanobish E, Asad M, Barbi M, Porcelli SA, Jerschow E. Aspirin actions in treatment of NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease. Frontiers in Immunology 2021;12:695815. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.695815] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Sokolowska 2022
    1. Sokolowska M, Rovati GE, Diamant Z, Untersmayr E, Schwarze J, Lukasik Z, et al. Effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and other eicosanoid pathway modifiers on antiviral and allergic responses: EAACI task force on eicosanoids consensus report in times of COVID-19. Allergy 2022;77(8):2337-54. [DOI: 10.1111/all.15258] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Starling‐Schwanz 2005
    1. Starling-Schwanz R, Peake HL, Salome CM, Toelle BG, Ng KW, Marks GB, et al. Repeatability of peak nasal inspiratory flow measurements and utility for assessing the severity of rhinitis. Allergy 2005;60(6):795-800. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2005.00779.x] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Stevens 2021
    1. Stevens WW, Jerschow E, Baptist AP, Borish L, Bosso JV, Buchheit KM, et al. The role of aspirin desensitization followed by oral aspirin therapy in managing patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease: a Work Group Report from the Rhinitis, Rhinosinusitis and Ocular Allergy Committee of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2021;147(3):827-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.10.043] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Stevenson 1984
    1. Stevenson DD, Pleskow WW, Simon RA, Mathison DA, Lumry WR, Schatz M, et al. Aspirin-sensitive rhinosinusitis asthma: a double-blind crossover study oftreatment with aspirin. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 1984;73(4):500-7. [DOI: 10.1016/0091-6749(84)90361-0] - DOI - PubMed
Stevenson 2007
    1. Lee JY, Simon RA, Stevenson DD. Selection of aspirin dosages for aspirin desensitization treatment in patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2007;119(1):157-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.09.011] - DOI - PubMed
Sweet 1990
    1. Sweet JM, Stevenson DD, Simon RA, Mathison DA. Long-term effects of aspirin desensitization--treatment for aspirin-sensitive rhinosinusitis-asthma. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 1990;85(1):59-65. [DOI: 10.1016/0091-6749(90)90222-p] - DOI - PubMed
Swierczynska‐Krepa 2014
    1. Swierczynska-Krepa M, Sanak M, Bochenek G, Stręk P, Ćmiel A, Gielicz A, et al. Aspirin desensitization in patients with aspirin-induced and aspirin-tolerant asthma: a double-blind study. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2014;134(4):883-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.02.041] - DOI - PubMed
Szczeklik 2000
    1. Szczeklik A, Nizankowska E, Duplaga M. Natural history of aspirin‐induced asthma. AIANE Investigators. European Network on Aspirin-Induced Asthma. European Respiratory Journal 2000;16:432‐6. [DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3003.2000.016003432.x] - DOI - PubMed
Waldram 2016
    1. Waldram JD, Simon RA. Performing aspirin desensitization in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America 2016;36(4):693-703. [DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2016.06.006.] - DOI - PubMed
Walters 2018
    1. Walters KM, Waldram JD, Woessner KM, White AA. Long-term clinical outcomes of aspirin desensitization with continuous daily aspirin therapy in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy 2018;32(4):280-6. [DOI: 10.1177/1945892418770260] - DOI - PubMed
White 2013
    1. White AA, Stevenson DD. Aspirin desensitization in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America 2013;33:211-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2012.10.013] - DOI - PubMed
White 2018
    1. White AA, Stevenson DD. Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. New England Journal of Medicine 2018;379(11):1060-70. [DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1712125] - DOI - PubMed
Zheng 2019
    1. Zheng SL, Roddick AJ. Association of aspirin use for primary prevention with cardiovascular events and bleeding events: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 2019;321(3):277-87. [DOI: 10.1001/jama.2018.20578.] - DOI - PMC - PubMed

References to other published versions of this review

Gan 2019
    1. Gan KL, Lourijsen E, Avdeeva K, Fokkens W. Oral and intranasal aspirin desensitisation for non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID)‐exacerbated respiratory disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2019, Issue 11. Art. No: CD013476. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD013476] - DOI - PMC - PubMed

MeSH terms

Substances

LinkOut - more resources