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. 2024 Dec 24:11:1434265.
doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1434265. eCollection 2024.

Prevalence and predictors of poor heart failure treatment outcomes in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Firomsa Bekele  1 , Lalise Tafese  2 , Ginenus Fekadu  1   3 , Geleta Nenko Dube  2 , Dinka Dugassa  1 , Dagim Samuel  1
Affiliations

Prevalence and predictors of poor heart failure treatment outcomes in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Firomsa Bekele et al. Front Cardiovasc Med. .

Abstract

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Various factors can exacerbate disease progression in patients with HF and negatively impact treatment outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the pooled prevalence and contributing factors associated with poor heart failure treatment outcomes in Ethiopia.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using five databases: Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Hinari, PubMed, and Scopus. In total, 12 studies met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in this analysis. The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines. Data extraction was performed using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, and statistical analysis was conducted with STATA 14. The Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument was utilized for quality assessment. Heterogeneity among the studies was evaluated using the I 2 statistic and the Cochrane Q test. Publication bias was assessed using Begg's test, Egger's weighted regression, and funnel plots.

Results: The pooled prevalence of poor HF treatment outcomes was found to be 16.67% [95% confidence interval (CI): 10.67-22.67]. No significant heterogeneity was observed across the included studies (I 2 = 0.0%, p = 0.962). Significant predictors of a poor treatment outcome were smoking cigarettes [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 10.74; 95% CI: 3.24-35.63] and medication-related problems (AOR = 3.99; 95% CI: 1.90-8.37).

Conclusion: The prevalence of poor HF treatment outcomes in Ethiopia was found to be high. Smoking cigarettes and medication-related problems are significant predictors of these adverse outcomes. Comprehensive health education and improved clinical pharmacy services are essential for addressing these issues.

Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023437397, PROSPERO (CRD42023437397).

Keywords: Ethiopia; associated factors; heart failure; prevalence; treatment outcome.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow chart of the systematic research and study selection process.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Forest plot of the pooled prevalence of poor heart failure treatment outcomes in Ethiopia, 2024.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Funnel plot to test for publication bias in the included studies conducted in Ethiopia, 2024.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Forest plot of the factors associated with poor heart failure treatment outcomes in Ethiopia, 2024.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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