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Review
. 2025;25(12):1467-1491.
doi: 10.2174/0115680266325847241121034100.

A Comprehensive Review of mRNA-based Vaccines for COVID-19, A New Era in Pharmaceuticals: Unspecified and Unknown Aspects, Effects and Challenges

Pegah Vosoughi  1 , Seyed Morteza Naghib  1 , Mehdi Rahmanian  2 , M R Mozafari  3
Affiliations
Review

A Comprehensive Review of mRNA-based Vaccines for COVID-19, A New Era in Pharmaceuticals: Unspecified and Unknown Aspects, Effects and Challenges

Pegah Vosoughi et al. Curr Top Med Chem. 2025.

Abstract

Ongoing research and development efforts are currently focused on creating COVID-19 vaccines using a variety of platforms. Among these, mRNA technology stands out as a cuttingedge method for vaccine development. There is a growing public awareness of mRNA and its potential in vaccine development. Despite being relatively recent, extensive scientific research has been dedicated to vaccines for a considerable period. mRNA vaccines are created by synthesizing the spike protein from a DNA template. This review delves into the various aspects of these vaccines and thoroughly explores the intricacies of COVID-19 vaccinations. It is essential to choose a reliable, efficient, and widely accessible vaccine to combat COVID-19. However, due to the possibility of virus mutations, developing a dependable and safe vaccine is crucial to prepare for future outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Meanwhile, concerns remain regarding the potential risks associated with these vaccines.

Keywords: COVID-19; DNA template; SARS-CoV-2.; Spike protein; Vaccination; mRNA.

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